Trial reportPsychopharmacology2013
Cortical excitability in smoking and not smoking individuals with and without nicotine.
Trial report in Psychopharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The two-way relationship between nicotine and cortical activity: a systematic review of neurobiological and treatment aspects.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- NMDA receptor involvement in dopaminergic modulation of neuroplasticity induced by paired associative stimulation.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Nonlinear dose-dependent impact of D1 receptor activation on motor cortex plasticity in humans.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2014Trial
- Effects of Alpha Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Stress Reactivity and Decision Making: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Understanding Motor Adaptation in the Transition to Sustained Pain: Protocol for a Longitudinal Experimental Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Report Approval for Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (RATES): expert recommendation based on a Delphi consensus study.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Microstructural brain changes in Buerger's disease and smokers: a case-control study using diffusion tensor imaging.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Gating of Neuroplasticity: Effects and Mechanisms of Acute Aerobic Exercise as a Brain Stimulation for the Sensorimotor Cortex.Advances in neurobiology · 2025Review
- An investigation of the acute effects of aerobic exercise on executive function and cortical excitability in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- TMS-derived short afferent inhibition discriminates cognitive status in older adults without dementia.Aging brain · 2024Article
- Article
- NMDA receptor-related mechanisms of dopaminergic modulation of tDCS-induced neuroplasticity.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2022Article
- Older adults' episodic memory is related to a neurophysiological marker of brain cholinergic activity.Experimental brain research · 2022Article
- Dissociating the role of dACC and dlPFC for emotion appraisal and mood regulation using cathodal tDCS.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Modulates Cognitive Function Related to Motor Execution During Sequential Task: A Randomized Control Study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Non-invasive brain stimulation and neuroenhancement.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2022Review
- Behavioural effects of task-relevant neuromodulation by rTMS on giving-up.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Inhibitory Effect of Apomorphine on Focal and Nonfocal Plasticity in the Human Motor Cortex.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- The Influence of Recreational Substance Use in TMS Research.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Nicotine modulates human brain plasticity via calcium-dependent mechanisms.The Journal of physiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationalActivation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors has a major neuromodulatory impact on central nervous system function. Beyond acute activation, chronic nicotine intake has long-lasting effects on cortical excitability in animal experiments, caused by receptor up- or down-regulation. Knowledge about the impact of nicotine on cortical excitability in humans, however, is limited.
objectivesWe therefore aimed to explore the effect of nicotine intake on cortical excitability in healthy human smokers and non-smokers.
methodsThe primary motor cortex served as model, and cortical excitability was monitored via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Corticospinal excitability and intracortical excitability were recorded before and after application of nicotine patch in both groups. Corticospinal excitability was explored by motor threshold and input/output curve (I/O curve), and intracortical excitability was explored by means of paired-pulse TMS techniques (intracortical facilitation (ICF), short-latency intracortical inhibition (SICI), I-wave facilitation and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI)).
resultsThe results show that smokers during nicotine withdrawal display increased corticospinal excitability with regard to the I/O curve (TMS intensity 150 % of resting motor threshold) compared to non-smokers and furthermore enhanced SAI and diminished ICF at the intracortical circuit level. After administration of nicotine, intracortical facilitation in smokers increased, while in non-smokers, inhibition (SICI, SAI) was enhanced.
conclusionOur results show that chronic nicotine consumption in smokers alters cortical excitability independent from acute nicotine consumption and that acute nicotine has different effects on motor cortical excitability in both groups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
23644914What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.