Trial reportClinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society2013
Invasive versus non-invasive cooling after in- and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized trial.
Trial report in Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- 2025 Korean Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Part 6. Post-cardiac arrest care.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2026Guideline
- Does Time to Achieve a Targeted Body Temperature Matter for Survivors of Cardiac Arrest? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Critical care medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Temperature control after cardiac arrest.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Pooled it
- The Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest on the Neurological Outcome and Survival-A Systematic Review of RCTs Published between 2016 and 2020.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Optimal Time of Collapse to Return of Spontaneous Circulation to Apply Targeted Temperature Management for Cardiac Arrest: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of endovascular and surface cooling on resuscitation in patients with cardiac arrest and a comparison of effectiveness, stability, and safety: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of different methods of cooling for targeted temperature management on outcome after cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2019Pooled it
- The Implementation of Targeted Temperature Management: An Evidence-Based Guideline from the Neurocritical Care Society.Neurocritical care · 2017Pooled it
- Guideline
- Intravascular vs. surface cooling in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients receiving hypothermia after hospital arrival: a post hoc analysis of the TTM2 trial.Intensive care medicine · 2025Trial
- Heat Transfer Capabilities of Surface Cooling Systems for Inducing Therapeutic Hypothermia.Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management · 2023Trial
- Intravascular versus surface cooling for targeted temperature management after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an analysis of the TTH48 trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Intravascular versus surface cooling for targeted temperature management after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest - an analysis of the TTM trial data.Critical care (London, England) · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Therapeutic hypothermia after nonshockable cardiac arrest: the HYPERION multicenter, randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded, superiority trial.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2015Trial
- A review on targeted temperature management for cardiac arrest and traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Temperature control after cardiac arrest.Resuscitation · 2023Review
- Temperature Control After Cardiac Arrest: A Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMild induced hypothermia (MIH) is indicated for comatose survivors of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) to improve clinical outcome. In this study, we compared the efficacy of two different cooling devices for temperature management in SCA survivors.
methodsBetween April 2008 and August 2009, 80 patients after survived in-hospital (IHCA) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) were included in this prospective, randomized, single center study. Hypothermia was induced after randomization by either invasive Coolgard(®) cooling or non-invasive ArcticSun(®) surface cooling at 33.0 °C core body temperature for 24 h followed by active rewarming. The primary endpoint was defined as the efficacy of both cooling systems, measured by neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels as a surrogate parameter for brain damage. Secondary efficacy endpoints were the clinical and neurological outcome, time to start of cooling and reaching the target temperature, target temperature-maintenance and hypothermia-associated complications.
resultsNSE at 72 h did not differ significantly between the 2 groups with 16.5 ng/ml, interquartile range 11.8-46.5 in surface-cooled patients versus 19.0 ng/ml, interquartile range 11.0-42.0 in invasive-cooled patients, p = 0.99. Neurological and clinical outcome was similar in both groups. Target temperature of 33.0 °C was maintained more stable in the invasive group (33.0 versus 32.7 °C, p < 0.001). Bleeding complications were more frequent with invasive cooling (n = 17 [43.6 %] versus n = 7 [17.9 %]; p = 0.03).
conclusionInvasive cooling has advantages with respect to temperature management over surface cooling; however, did not result in different outcome as measured by NSE release in SCA survivors. Bleeding complications were more frequently encountered by invasive cooling.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.