ArticleHuman gene therapy2013
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-armed oncolytic measles virus is an effective therapeutic cancer vaccine.
Article in Human gene therapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Application of Oncolytic Viruses: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Oncolytic Viruses in Cancer Immunotherapy: From Molecular Engineering to Clinical Translation.Cells · 2026Review
- Oncolytic viruses: advanced strategies in cancer therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Oncolytic Viruses in Ovarian Cancer: Where Do We Stand? A Narrative Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Measles Virus-Based Genetic Modifications: Progress in Hematological Malignancy Treatment.OncoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- A new strategy for treating colorectal cancer: Regulating the influence of intestinal flora and oncolytic virus on interferon.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2023Review
- Functional Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Delivered by Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cells Persistently Infected with Engineered Attenuated Canine Distemper Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Self-replicating vehicles based on negative strand RNA viruses.Cancer gene therapy · 2023Review
- A vector-encoded bispecific killer engager to harness virus-activated NK cells as anti-tumor effectors.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Article
- Virus-inspired strategies for cancer therapy.Seminars in cancer biology · 2022Review
- Encoding of a transgene in-frame with a Newcastle disease virus protein increases transgene expression and stability.The Journal of general virology · 2022Article
- Persistent Infection of a Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cell Line with Attenuated Canine Distemper Virus Expressing Vasostatin or Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Engineering strategies to enhance oncolytic viruses in cancer immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Repurposing live attenuated trivalent MMR vaccine as cost-effective cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Immunovirotherapy Based on Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus: Where Are We?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- NK Cell Effector Functions and Bystander Tumor Cell Killing in Immunovirotherapy.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Self-Replicating RNA Viruses for Vaccine Development against Infectious Diseases and Cancer.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Current strategies in engaging oncolytic viruses with antitumor immunity.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2021Review
- Use of cell fusion proteins to enhance adenoviral vector efficacy as an anti-cancer therapeutic.Cancer gene therapy · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oncolytic measles viruses (MV) derived from the live attenuated vaccine strain have been engineered for increased antitumor activity, and are currently under investigation in clinical phase 1 trials. Approaches with other viral vectors have shown that insertion of immunomodulatory transgenes enhances the therapeutic potency. In this study, we engineered MV for expression of the cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). For the first time, therapeutic efficacy and adaptive immune response in the context of MV oncolysis could be evaluated in the previously established immunocompetent murine colon adenocarcinoma model MC38cea. MC38cea cells express the human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), allowing for infection with retargeted MV. Intratumoral application of MV-GMCSF significantly delayed tumor progression and prolonged median overall survival compared with control virus-treated mice. Importantly, more than one-third of mice treated with MV-GMCSF showed complete tumor remission and rejected successive tumor reengraftment, demonstrating robust long-term protection. An enhanced cell-mediated tumor-specific immune response could be detected by lactate dehydrogenase assay and interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Furthermore, MV-GMCSF treatment correlated with increased abundance of tumor-infiltrating CD3(+) lymphocytes analyzed by quantitative microscopy of tumor sections. These findings underline the potential of oncolytic, GM-CSF-expressing MV as an effective therapeutic cancer vaccine actively recruiting adaptive immune responses for enhanced therapeutic impact and tumor elimination. Thus, the treatment benefit of this combined immunovirotherapy approach has direct implications for future clinical trials.
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