ArticleBMC public health2013
Mortality following unemployment in Canada, 1991-2001.
Article in BMC public health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Employment Status and Alcohol-Attributable Mortality Risk-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Employment quality and mortality in Canada.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2025Article
- Worse survival despite indolent features for triple-negative invasive lobular carcinoma: a Swedish nationwide registry-based study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic inequities in alcohol-attributable mortality by sex/gender and age in Canada: a 13-year population-representative cohort study.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- A meta-narrative review of research traditions on hidden workers in aging population for transdisciplinary implementation research.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Social inclusion, intersectionality, and profiles of vulnerable groups of young people seeking mental health support.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Article
- Study protocol: a randomised controlled trial of a telephone delivered social wellbeing and engaged living (SWEL) psychological intervention for disengaged youth.BMC psychiatry · 2019Article
- Area-based socioeconomic disparities in mortality due to unintentional injury and youth suicide in British Columbia, 2009-2013.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2019Article
- Life Expectancy Gain Due to Employment Status Depends on Race, Gender, Education, and Their Intersections.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2018Article
- The Benefits of Higher Income in Protecting against Chronic Medical Conditions Are Smaller for African Americans than Whites.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Socioeconomic Status and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes; Race by Gender Differences.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Article
- Trade liberalization, social policies and health: an empirical case study.Globalization and health · 2015Article
- The Impact of Economic Recession on the Incidence and Treatment of Cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2015Article
- A cross-sectional exploration of the clinical characteristics of disengaged (NEET) young people in primary mental healthcare.BMJ open · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study describes the association between unemployment and cause-specific mortality for a cohort of working-age Canadians.
methodsWe conducted a cohort study over an 11-year period among a broadly representative 15% sample of the non-institutionalized population of Canada aged 30-69 at cohort inception in 1991 (888,000 men and 711,600 women who were occupationally active). We used cox proportional hazard models, for six cause of death categories, two consecutive multi-year periods and four age groups, to estimate mortality hazard ratios comparing unemployed to employed men and women.
resultsFor persons unemployed at cohort inception, the age-adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.37 for men (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-1.41) and 1.27 for women (95% CI: 1.20-1.35). The age-adjusted hazard ratio for unemployed men and women was elevated for all six causes of death: malignant neoplasms, circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases, alcohol-related diseases, accidents and violence, and all other causes. For unemployed men and women, hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were equivalently elevated in 1991-1996 and 1997-2001. For both men and women, the mortality hazard ratio associated with unemployment attenuated with age.
conclusionsConsistent with results reported from other long-duration cohort studies, unemployed men and women in this cohort had an elevated risk of mortality for accidents and violence, as well as for chronic diseases. The persistence of elevated mortality risks over two consecutive multi-year periods suggests that exposure to unemployment in 1991 may have marked persons at risk of cumulative socioeconomic hardship.
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