SynthesisSchizophrenia bulletin2014
Meta-analysis of olfactory function in schizophrenia, first-degree family members, and youths at-risk for psychosis.
Synthesis in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Olfaction is a Marker of Severity but Not Diagnosis in Anorexia Nervosa: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2020Pooled it
- Oxytocin administration selectively improves olfactory detection thresholds for lyral in patients with schizophrenia.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2015Trial
- Electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve improves olfaction in healthy individuals: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial.Brain stimulationTrial
- Evidence-based atlas of risk and protective factors for psychotic disorders: an umbrella review to inform personalized prognosis and prevention.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- APOE ε4 carriage is associated with olfactory-hippocampal tract functional connectivity.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Brain Age Disparities in Psychosis Across DSM Diagnoses and B-SNIP Biotypes.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Specific neuroblast-derived signals control both cell migration and fate in the rostral migratory stream.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Depression, Anxiety, and Neuropsychiatric Symptom Burden in a Longitudinal Cohort with Persistent Psychophysical Post-COVID Olfactory Dysfunction.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Correlation Between Cortical Thickness Abnormalities of the Olfactory Sulcus and Olfactory Identification Disorder and Persistent Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Chinese Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Article
- Inflammation-related pathology in the olfactory epithelium: its impact on the olfactory system in psychotic disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Associations between olfactory dysfunction and cognition: a scoping review.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Potential of olfactory neuroepithelial cells as a model to study schizophrenia: A focus on GPCRs (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Differences in olfactory dysfunction and its relationship with cognitive function in schizophrenia patients with and without auditory verbal hallucinations.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Article
- Unraveling the Link between Olfactory Deficits and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Review
- Comparison of olfactory function, cognitive function and serum tumor necrosis factor-α between bipolar and schizophrenic patients in the remission stage.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Self-assessment of olfactory function using the "Sniffin' Sticks".European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2023Article
- Olfactory Function and Olfactory Disorders.Laryngo- rhino- otologie · 2023Article
- Olfactory Dysfunction: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2023Review
- Olfactory Dysfunction in Mental Illness.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2023Review
- Brain regions associated with olfactory dysfunction in first episode psychosis patients.The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry · 2023Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious research has provided compelling support for olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia patients, their first-degree relatives, and youth at-risk for psychosis. A previous meta-analysis revealed large effect sizes across olfactory tasks but was limited to 2 olfactory tasks and did not examine moderator variables. Thus, the current meta-analysis was undertaken to incorporate additional studies, risk cohorts, olfactory test domains, and moderator variable analyses.
methodA meta-analysis was conducted on 67 publications examining olfactory function in schizophrenia patients and 15 publications examining olfactory functioning in youth at-risk for psychosis, first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients, and individuals with schizotypy.
resultsResults revealed medium-to-large olfactory deficits in schizophrenia patients though significant heterogeneity was evident. Several variables moderated overall study effects. At-risk youths similarly demonstrated medium-to-large effect sizes, whereas first-degree relatives and individuals with schizotypy showed small effects.
conclusionsFindings suggest robust olfactory deficits in schizophrenia and at-risk youths. In schizophrenia, several variables had significant impact on these deficits and warrant consideration in prospective studies. Our findings also indicate that olfactory measures may be a useful marker of schizophrenia risk status.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.