ArticleAmerican journal of primatology2013
Risk factors for stereotypic behavior and self-biting in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): animal's history, current environment, and personality.
Article in American journal of primatology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating Behavioral Management Practices for Laboratory Nonhuman Primates: An International Survey.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Euthanasia of a macaque with self-injurious behavior in a visual neuroscience laboratory.Animal advances · 2026Article
- Tracking Molar Wear in Captive Baboons: Sex and Age Effects Using a Modified Scott Scoring System.American journal of biological anthropology · 2025Article
- Cortisol and Catecholamine Concentrations Are Affected by Repeated Relocations of Adult Female Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta).American journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Linking Gut Microbiota and Stereotypic Behavior of Endangered Species Under Ex Situ Conservation: First Evidence from Sun Bears.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Shared Accountability Shaping the Destinies of Individual and Groups of Nonhuman Primates.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Refinements in Clinical and Behavioral Management for Macaques on Infectious Disease Protocols.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- The Integration of Veterinary Medicine and Behavioral Management in the Care of Captive Pigtail Macaques (Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Repeatability of measures of behavioral organization over two years in captive infant rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta.American journal of primatology · 2024Article
- Repeatability of swimming activity of the Patagonian grouperConservation physiology · 2024Article
- Article
- The impact of housing on birth outcomes in breeding macaque groups across multiple research centers.American journal of primatology · 2023Article
- Early-life behavioral features are associated with chronic emesis in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).American journal of primatology · 2023Article
- Article
- Effects of pair housing on behavior, cortisol, and clinical outcomes during quarantine-like procedures for rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).Journal of medical primatology · 2023Article
- Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol-/cannabidiolic acid-rich hemp oil in juvenile cynomolgus macaques (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Video Conference Technology as a Tool for Pair Introduction in Rhesus Macaques.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- The relationship of maternal rank, 5-HTTLPR genotype, and MAOA-LPR genotype to temperament in infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).American journal of primatology · 2022Article
- Nonhuman primate abnormal behavior: Etiology, assessment, and treatment.American journal of primatology · 2022Review
- Influence of Pair-housing on Sleep Parameters Evaluated with Actigraphy in Female Rhesus Monkeys.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2022Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Captive rhesus macaques sometimes exhibit undesirable abnormal behaviors, such as motor stereotypic behavior (MSB) and self-abuse. Many risk factors for these behaviors have been identified but the list is far from comprehensive, and large individual differences in rate of behavior expression remain. The goal of the current study was to determine which experiences predict expression of MSB and self-biting, and if individual differences in personality can account for additional variation in MSB expression. A risk factor analysis was performed utilizing data from over 4,000 rhesus monkeys at the California National Primate Research Center. Data were analyzed using model selection, with the best fitting models evaluated using Akaike Information Criterion. Results confirmed previous research that males exhibit more MSB and self-biting than females, MSB decreases with age, and indoor reared animals exhibit more MSB and self-biting than outdoor reared animals. Additionally, results indicated that animals exhibited less MSB and self-biting for each year spent outdoors; frequency of room moves and number of projects positively predicted MSB; pair separations positively predicted MSB and self-biting; pair housed animals expressed less MSB than single housed and grate paired animals; and that animals expressed more MSB and self-biting when in bottom rack cages, or cages near the room entrance. Based on these results we recommend limiting exposure to these risk factors when possible. Our results also demonstrated a relationship between personality and MSB expression, with animals low on gentle temperament, active in response to a human intruder, and high on novel object contact expressing more MSB. From these results we propose that an animal's MSB is related to its predisposition for an active personality, with active animals expressing higher rates of MSB.
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