Trial reportPloS one2013
Administration of a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist decreases the proviral reservoir in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients.
Trial report in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of therapeutic intensification followed by HIV DNA prime and rAd5 boost vaccination on HIV-specific immunity and HIV reservoir (EraMune 02): a multicentre randomised clinical trial.The lancet. HIV · 2015Trial
- Activation of toll‑like receptors by non‑coding RNAs and their fragments (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- An efficient vaccine clinical trial: ACTG A5379 hepatitis B vaccine trial in persons with HIV.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Toll-like Receptor Response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 or Co-Infection with Hepatitis B or C Virus: An Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Mapping the interplay between NK cells and HIV: therapeutic implications.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2023Review
- The role of latency reversal in HIV cure strategies.Journal of medical primatology · 2022Review
- HIV cure strategies: which ones are appropriate for Africa?Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Toll-like receptor-agonist-based therapies for respiratory viral diseases: thinking outside the cell.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- HIV Latency in Myeloid Cells: Challenges for a Cure.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- So Pathogenic or So What?-A Brief Overview of SIV Pathogenesis with an Emphasis on Cure Research.Viruses · 2022Review
- Fighting HIV-1 Persistence: At the Crossroads of "Shoc-K and B-Lock".Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- Latency Reversal 2.0: Giving the Immune System a Seat at the Table.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- Knowledge From London and Berlin: Finding Threads to a Functional HIV Cure.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Review
- The Use of Toll-Like Receptor Agonists in HIV-1 Cure Strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Ligands as an Emerging Therapeutic Agent for Latent HIV-1 Infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Can we just kick-and-kill HIV: possible challenges posed by the epigenetically controlled interplay between HIV and host immunity.Immunotherapy · 2019Review
- Targeting Cellular and Tissue HIV Reservoirs With Toll-Like Receptor Agonists.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- A New Quinoline BRD4 Inhibitor Targets a Distinct Latent HIV-1 Reservoir for Reactivation from Other "Shock" Drugs.Journal of virology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists can reactivate HIV from latently infected cells in vitro. We aimed to investigate the TLR-9 agonist, CPG 7909's in vivo effect on the proviral HIV reservoir and HIV-specific immunity. This was a post-hoc analysis of a double-blind randomized controlled vaccine trial. HIV-infected adults were randomized 1:1 to receive pneumococcal vaccines with or without 1 mg CPG 7909 as adjuvant at 0, 3 and 9 months. In patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy we quantified proviral DNA at 0, 3, 4, 9, and 10 months (31 subjects in the CPG group and 37 in the placebo-adjuvant group). Furthermore, we measured HIV-specific antibodies, characterized T cell phenotypes and HIV-specific T cell immunity. We observed a mean reduction in proviral DNA in the CPG group of 12.6% (95% CI: -23.6-0.0) following each immunization whereas proviral DNA in the placebo-adjuvant group remained largely unchanged (6.7% increase; 95% CI: -4.2-19.0 after each immunization, p = 0.02). Among participants with additional cryo-preserved PBMCs, HIV-specific CD8+ T cell immunity as indicated by increased expression of degranulation marker CD107a and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP1β) tended to be up-regulated following immunization with CPG 7909 compared with placebo as adjuvant. Further, increasing proportion of HIV-specific CD107a and MIP1β-expressing CD8+ T cells were strongly correlated with decreasing proviral load. No changes were observed in T cell phenotype distribution, HIV-specific CD4+ T cell immunity, or HIV-specific antibodies. TLR9-adjuvanted pneumococcal vaccination decreased proviral load. Reductions in proviral load correlated with increasing levels of HIV specific CD8+ T cells. Further investigation into the potential effect of TLR9 agonists on HIV latency is warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.