ArticlePloS one2013
Menstrual cycle phase modulates emotional conflict processing in women with and without premenstrual syndrome (PMS)--a pilot study.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emotion regulation in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Premenstrual Syndrome: a systematic review.BMC psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Emotion-focused therapy for women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a randomized clinical controlled trial.BMC psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Influence of menstrual cycle on autonomic nervous system, muscular strength and mood states.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Do menstrual symptoms affect motor imagery skills in young women?Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Article
- Cortisol and ACTH response to Dex/CRH testing and 24-hour urine free cortisol levels in women with and without premenstrual dysphoric disorder.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Power in the flow: how menstrual experiences shape women's strength training performance.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Women with premenstrual syndrome exhibit bodily information processing and a moderate deficit in emotional interference functioning.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The role of the neuroinflammation and stressors in premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Fluctuation of fine motor skills throughout the menstrual cycle in women.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Mental Illness in a Primary Healthcare Setting in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Women with more severe premenstrual syndrome have an enhanced anticipatory reward processing: a magnetoencephalography study.Archives of women's mental health · 2023Article
- Neurobiological effects of exercise intervention for premenstrual syndrome.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2023Article
- Menstrual Health Index: A Novel Approach to Assess Safe Menstrual Practices in Adolescents and Young Adults.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2023Article
- The Effectiveness of Transdiagnostic Treatment Program on Clinical Symptoms and Emotion Regulation in Girls Adolescents with Premenstrual Syndrome.Iranian journal of public health · 2022Article
- Early and Late Luteal Executive Function, Cognitive and Somatic Symptoms, and Emotional Regulation of Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-End-Organ Axes: Hormone Function in Female Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.Neuroscience bulletin · 2021Review
- Cognition, The Menstrual Cycle, and Premenstrual Disorders: A Review.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Oxaloacetate reduces emotional symptoms in premenstrual syndrome (PMS): results of a placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial.Obstetrics & gynecology science · 2020Article
- Sex and the dopaminergic system: Insights from addiction studies.Handbook of clinical neurology · 2020Review
- Dysmenorrhea and Associated Factors among Polish Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.Pain research & management · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by a cluster of psychological and somatic symptoms during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle that disappear after the onset of menses. Behavioral differences in emotional and cognitive processing have been reported in women with PMS, and it is of particular interest whether PMS affects the parallel execution of emotional and cognitive processing. Related to this is the question of how the performance of women with PMS relates to stress levels compared to women without PMS. Cortisol has been shown to affect emotional processing in general and it has also been shown that women with severe PMS have a particular cortisol profile.
methodsWe measured performance in an emotional conflict task and stress levels in women with PMS (n = 15) and women without PMS (n = 15) throughout their menstrual cycle.
resultsWe found a significant increase (p = 0.001) in the mean reaction time for resolving emotional conflict from the follicular to the luteal cycle phase in all subjects. Only women with PMS demonstrated an increase in physiological and subjective stress measures during the luteal menstrual cycle phase.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that the menstrual cycle modulates the integration of emotional and cognitive processing in all women. Preliminary data are supportive of the secondary hypothesis that stress levels are mediated by the menstrual cycle phase only in women with PMS. The presented evidence for menstrual cycle-specific differences in integrating emotional and cognitive information highlights the importance of controlling for menstrual cycle phase in studies that aim to elucidate the interplay of emotion and cognition.
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