Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23636947›Full record

ArticleGenome research2013

A broadly applicable high-throughput screening strategy identifies new regulators of Dlg4 (Psd-95) alternative splicing.

Sika Zheng, Robert Damoiseaux, Liang Chen, Douglas L Black

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Frontiers in immunology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Splicing to orchestrate cell fate.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Mechanisms of Neuronal Alternative Splicing and Strategies for Therapeutic Interventions.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Sika ZhengHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Robert Damoiseaux
Liang Chen
Douglas L Black
Howard Hughes Medical Institute · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of Southern California · US

Funding

The Regulation of Neuronal Exon SplicingR01GM049662 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI BLACK, DOUGLAS L · 1998 to 2019
$6.5M
Statistical methods for the study of alternative splicing using deep sequencingR01GM097230 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI CHEN, LIANG · 2011 to 2014
$1.4M
Alternative splicing and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in neural developmentK99MH096807 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ZHENG, SIKA · 2013 to 2014
$100k
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM049662NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM097230NIGMS NIH HHS R01GM097230NIGMS NIH HHS R01GM49662NIMH NIH HHS K99 MH096807
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Most mammalian genes produce multiple mRNA isoforms derived from alternative pre-mRNA splicing, with each alternative exon controlled by a complex network of regulatory factors. The identification of these regulators can be laborious and is usually carried out one factor at a time. We have developed a broadly applicable high-throughput screening method that simultaneously identifies multiple positive and negative regulators of a particular exon. Two minigene reporters were constructed: One produces green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the mRNA including an exon, and red fluorescent protein (RFP) from the mRNA lacking the exon; the other switches these fluorescent products of exon inclusion and exclusion. Combining results from these two reporters eliminates many false positives and greatly enriches for true splicing regulators. After extensive optimization of this method, we performed a gain-of-function screen of 15,779 cDNA clones and identified 40 genes affecting exon 18 of Discs large homolog 4 (Dlg4; also known as post-synaptic density protein 95 [Psd-95]). We confirmed that 28 of the 34 recoverable clones alter reporter splicing in RT-PCR assays. Remarkably, 18 of the identified genes encode splicing factors or RNA binding proteins, including PTBP1, a previously identified regulator of this exon. Loss-of-function experiments examining endogenous Dlg4 transcripts validated the effects of five of eight genes tested in independent cell lines, and two genes were further confirmed to regulate Dlg4 splicing in primary neurons. These results identify multiple new regulators of Dlg4 splicing, and validate an approach to isolating splicing regulators for almost any cassette exon from libraries of cDNAs, shRNAs, or small molecules.

Indexed as

Alternative SplicingAnimalsCell LineDisks Large Homolog 4 ProteinExonsGene Expression RegulationGene LibraryGreen Fluorescent ProteinsGuanylate KinasesHigh-Throughput Screening AssaysHumansLuminescent ProteinsMembrane ProteinsMiceRed Fluorescent ProteinReproducibility of ResultsDisks Large Homolog 4 ProteinDlg4 protein, mouseGreen Fluorescent ProteinsGuanylate KinasesLuminescent ProteinsMembrane ProteinsRed Fluorescent Protein

Identifiers

PMID23636947
PMCPMC3668367
OpenAlexW2111207584

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.