ArticleKidney international2013
Numerous protein-bound solutes are cleared by the kidney with high efficiency.
Article in Kidney international, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics in advanced chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Renal failure · 2023Pooled it
- Animal Models for Studying Protein-Bound Uremic Toxin Removal-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Resistant Starch on Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of diabetes research · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Contribution of 'clinically negligible' residual kidney function to clearance of uremic solutes.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2020Trial
- Effect of increasing dietary fiber on plasma levels of colon-derived solutes in hemodialysis patients.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2014Trial
- Estimated Tubular Secretion of Creatinine and Risk of Kidney Failure: The AASK Trial.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Kidney Tubule Secretion and AKI After Cardiac Surgery.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Kidney Tubule Secretion Can Discriminate the Cause of Acute Kidney Injury in Cirrhosis.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025Article
- Association of Phenylacetylglutamine and Cognitive Impairment in CKD.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Loop diuretics in anuric hemodialysis patients for the clearance of protein-bound uremic toxins.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Klotho Suppresses Indoxyl Sulfate-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Kidney Proximal Tubular (HK-2) Cells through Modulating the AKT/Nrf2 Mechanism.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Plasma Metabolite Profiles Between In-Center Daytime Extended-Hours and Conventional Hemodialysis.Kidney360 · 2025Article
- Release of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) from pentameric IgM in serum predicts prognosis after hemodialysis initiation.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Structure-based discovery of a new type of scaffold compound as binding competitors for protein-bound Uremic Toxins.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Reducing the levels of indoxyl sulfate in patients undergoing dialysis: a promising approach to managing inflammation and the redox state of human serum albumin.Journal of medicine and life · 2024Observational
- Physiological principles underlying the kidney targeting of renal nanomedicines.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Role of the Gut Bacteria-Derived Metabolite Phenylacetylglutamine in Health and Diseases.ACS omega · 2024Review
- Impact of sacubitril/valsartan on cardiac and systemic hypoxia in chronic heart failure.iScience · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The kidney clears numerous solutes from the plasma; however, retention of these solutes causes uremic illness when the kidneys fail. We know remarkably little about which retained solutes are toxic and this limits our ability to improve dialysis therapies. To explore this, we employed untargeted mass spectrometry to identify solutes that are efficiently cleared by the kidney. High-resolution mass spectrometry detected 1808 features in the urine and plasma ultrafiltrate of 5 individuals with normal renal function. The estimated clearance rates of 1082 peaks were greater than the creatinine clearance indicating tubular secretion. Further analysis identified 90 features representing solutes with estimated clearance rates greater than the renal plasma flow. Quantitative mass spectrometry with stable isotope dilution confirmed that efficient clearance of these solutes is made possible by the combination of binding to plasma proteins and tubular secretion. Tandem mass spectrometry established the chemical identity of 13 solutes including hippuric acid, indoxyl sulfate, and p-cresol sulfate. These 13 efficiently cleared solutes were found to accumulate in the plasma of hemodialysis patients, with free levels rising to more than 20-fold normal for all but two of them. Thus, further analysis of solutes efficiently cleared by secretion in the native kidney may provide a potential route to the identification of uremic toxins.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.