Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23635075›Full record

ArticleGlobalization and health2013

Costs, outcomes and challenges for diabetes care in Spain.

Julio Lopez-Bastida, Mauro Boronat, Juan Oliva Moreno, Willemien Schurer

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Article in Globalization and health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  7. Basal Insulin Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Routine Clinical Practice in Spain: Clinical and Economic Impact.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Julio Lopez-BastidaUniversity Castilla La Mancha, Avda Real Fábrica de Seda s/n, Talavera de la Reina, Toledo, Spain. julio.lopezbastida@uclm.es
Mauro Boronat
Juan Oliva Moreno
Willemien Schurer

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiabetes is becoming of increasing concern in Spain due to rising incidence and prevalence, although little information is known with regards to costs and outcomes. The information on cost of diabetes in Spain is fragmented and outdated. Our objective is to update diabetes costs, and to identify outcomes and quality of care of diabetes in Spain.

methodsWe performed systematic searches from secondary sources, including scientific literature and government data and reports.

resultsDiabetes Type II prevalence is estimated at 7.8%, and an additional 6% of the population is estimated to be undiagnosed. Four Spanish diabetes cost studies were analyzed to create a projection of direct costs in the NHS and productivity losses, estimating €5.1 billion for direct costs along with €1.5 billion for diabetes-related complications (2009) and labour productivity losses represented €2.8 billion. Glycemic control (glycolysated hemoglobin) is considered acceptable in 59% of adult Type II cases, in addition to 85% with HDL cholesterol ≥40mg/dl and 65% with blood pressure <140/90 mmHg, pointing to good intermediate outcomes. However, annual figures indicate that over half of the Type II diabetics are obese (BMI >30), 15% have diabetic retinopathy, 16% with microalbuminuria, and 15% with cardiovascular disease.

conclusionsThe direct health care costs (8% of the total National Health System expenditure) and the loss of labour productivity are high. The importance of a multi-sectoral approach in prevention and improvements in management of diabetes are discussed, along with policy considerations to help modify the disease course.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2EfficiencyEmploymentHealth Care CostsHumansMiddle AgedQuality of Health CareSpainState MedicineTreatment OutcomeYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID23635075
PMCPMC3658938

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.