ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2013
Contribution of socioeconomic status to the risk of small for gestational age infants--a population-based study of 1,390,165 singleton live births in Finland.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Low-normal birthweight in the first pregnancy as a risk factor for small for gestational age in the second pregnancy: A matched case-control study.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Charting normative reference values and Z-scores for MRI-derived in vivo placental growth.Pediatric radiology · 2026Observational
- Perinatal Outcomes After the Use of Kampo Medicines Containing Ephedra During Pregnancy.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
- Ethnic group, socioeconomic position and pregnancy outcome: a mediation model through latent class.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2025Article
- Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and the risk of delivering a small for gestational age baby: Kuopio Birth Cohort.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Influence of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status on Adverse Outcomes in Pregnancy.Maternal and child health journal · 2023Article
- Effect of Grandmaternal Smoking on Body Size and Proportions at Birth.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Prevalence of small for gestational age infants in 21 cities in China, 2014-2019.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Prevalence of children born small for gestational age with short stature who qualify for growth hormone treatment.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2021Article
- Article
- Growth patterns from birth to overweight at age 5-6 years of children with various backgrounds in socioeconomic status and country of origin: the ABCD study.Pediatric obesity · 2020Article
- Association between infertility treatment and intrauterine growth: a multilevel analysis in a retrospective cohort study.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Effects of maternal smoking on body size and proportions at birth: a register-based cohort study of 1.4 million births.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Article
- Association between ambient particulate matter concentration and fetal growth restriction stratified by maternal employment.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2019Article
- Do social factors and country of origin contribute towards explaining a "Latina paradox" among immigrant women giving birth in Germany?BMC public health · 2019Article
- Father's Lifetime Socioeconomic Status, Small for Gestational Age Infants, and Infant Mortality: A Population-Based Study.Ethnicity & disease · 2019Article
- Educational disparities in perinatal health in Denmark in the first decade of the 21st century: a register-based cohort study.BMJ open · 2018Article
- Pathways linking socioeconomic status to small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants among primiparae: a birth cohort study in China.BMJ open · 2018Article
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSmall for gestational age (SGA) infants are at increased risk of short- and long-term adverse outcomes.
methodsPopulation-based case-control study using data derived from the Finnish Medical Birth Register for the years 1987-2010 (total population of singleton live births n = 1,390,165). The aim was to quantify the importance of risk factors for SGA and describe their contribution to socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in SGA by using logistic regression analysis.
resultsOf all the singleton live births (n = 1,390,165), 3.1% (n = 42,702) were classified as SGA (defined as below 2 standard deviations of the sex-specific population reference mean for gestational age). The risk of SGA was 11 - 24% higher in the lower SES groups compared to the highest SES group. Smoking alone made the largest contribution, explaining 41.7 - 50.9% of SES disparities in SGA. The risk of SGA was 2.3-fold and 7% higher among women who smoked or had quit smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.34, 95% CI 2.28-2.42 and aOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00 - 1.15, respectively) compared with the non-smokers.
conclusionsSGA is substantially affected by SES. Smoking explained up to 50% of the difference in risk of SGA between high and low SES groups. Quitting smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy resulted in a 7% higher incidence of SGA comparable to that of non-smoking women. Thus, interventional attempts to reduce smoking during pregnancy might help to decrease the socioeconomic gradient of SGA.
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