ArticleCancer medicine2013
Characterization of the melanoma brain metastatic niche in mice and humans.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor Microenvironment in Melanoma Brain Metastasis: A New Potential Target?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The immune landscape in brain metastasis.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Harnessing immunotherapy for brain metastases: insights into tumor-brain microenvironment interactions and emerging treatment modalities.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2023Review
- Review
- Distinct phenotypic states and spatial distribution of CD8Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Article
- Emerging principles of brain immunology and immune checkpoint blockade in brain metastases.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2021Review
- The melanoma brain metastatic microenvironment: aldolase C partakes in shaping the malignant phenotype of melanoma cells - a case of inter-tumor heterogeneity.Molecular oncology · 2021Article
- Molecular profiling of melanoma brain metastases compared to primary cutaneous melanoma and to extracranial metastases.Oncotarget · 2020Article
- The role of the immune system in brain metastasis.Current neurobiology · 2019Article
- Intracranial antitumor responses of nivolumab and ipilimumab: a pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic perspective, a scoping systematic review.BMC cancer · 2019Article
- A Blazing Landscape: Neuroinflammation Shapes Brain Metastasis.Cancer research · 2019Review
- Microenvironmental Regulation of Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response in Brain Metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- The Evolving Landscape of Brain Metastasis.Trends in cancer · 2018Review
- Contemporary Treatment Approaches to Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma.Current oncology reports · 2018Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastases occur in 15% of patients with melanoma and are associated with a dismal prognosis. Here, we investigate the architectural phenotype and stromal reaction of melanoma brain metastasis in mice and humans. A syngeneic, green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expressing murine B16-F1 melanoma clone was introduced via intracardiac injection, and was examined in vivo in comparison with human specimens. Immunofluorescence analyses of the brain metastases revealed that F4/80(+) macrophages/microglia were most abundant at the tumor front, but rare in its core, where they were found only around blood vessels (P = 0.01). Similar pattern of infiltration was found in CD3(+) T cells (P < 0.01). Infiltrating T cells were prominently CD4(+) compared with CD8(+) T cells (P < 0.001). Blood vessels (CD31(+)) were less abundant at the tumor front than in its center (12 ± 1 vs. 4 ± 0.6 vessels per high-power field [HPF], P < 0.001). In contrast, there were few vessels at the tumor front, but their diameter was significantly larger at the front (8236 μm(2) vs. 4617 μm(2) average cross-sectional area, P < 0.005). This is the first comparative analysis of melanoma brain metastases showing similar stromal reaction in murine models and human specimens. Our results validate the utility of this murine model of melanoma brain metastases for investigating the mechanism of the human disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.