ArticleJournal of tropical medicine2013
Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis: A Paradigm of Paradoxical Immune Reconstitution Syndrome in Non-HIV/AIDS Patients.
Article in Journal of tropical medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ocular Leishmaniasis - A systematic review.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2021Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of ChAd63-KH vaccine in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis patients in Sudan.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2021Trial
- Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: insights into underlying pathogenic mechanisms and genetic landscape.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Functional and phenotypic analysis of CD4 T cell dynamics in peripheral blood of human visceral leishmaniasis patients confers increased frequencies of CD25 expressing regulatory T cells that contribute to disease pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- VL-HIV co-infection with Leishmania containing skin lesions resembling para-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Precision Medicine in Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- T cell suppression in the bone marrow of visceral leishmaniasis patients: impact of parasite load.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2018Article
- Safety and Effectiveness of Sodium Stibogluconate and Paromomycin Combination for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa: Results from a Pharmacovigilance Programme.Clinical drug investigation · 2017Article
- The immunology of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL).Parasites & vectors · 2016Review
- Lessons from other diseases: granulomatous inflammation in leishmaniasis.Seminars in immunopathology · 2016Review
- Post-kala-Azar dermal leishmaniasis: A diagnostic dilemma in a nonendemic area.Indian dermatology online journal · 2014Article
- The immunological, environmental, and phylogenetic perpetrators of metastatic leishmaniasis.Trends in parasitology · 2014Review
- Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection in East Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Review
- PKDL and other dermal lesions in HIV co-infected patients with Leishmaniasis: review of clinical presentation in relation to immune responses.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Review
- Steroid-responsive unilateral keratouveitis following systemic treatment in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus and leishmaniasis.Taiwan journal of ophthalmologyArticle
- Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis: Clinical Features and Differential Diagnosis.Indian journal of dermatologyArticle
- Epidemiology of Post-Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis.Indian journal of dermatologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease characterized by immune suppression. Successful treatment is usually followed by immune reconstitution and a dermatosis called post-Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Recently, PKDL was described as one of the immune reconstitution syndromes (IRISs) in HIV/VL patients on HAART. This study aimed to present PKDL as a typical example of paradoxical IRIS in non-HIV/AIDS individuals. Published and new data on the pathogenesis and healing of PKDL was reviewed and presented. The data suggested that PKDL is a typical example of paradoxical IRIS, being a new disease entity that follows VL successful treatment and immune recovery. PKDL lesions are immune inflammatory in nature with granuloma, adequate response to immunochemotherapy, and an ensuing hypersensitivity reaction, the leishmanin skin test (LST). The data also suggested that the cytokine patterns of PKDL pathogenesis and healing are probably as follows: an active disease state dominated by IL-10 followed by spontaneous/treatment-induced IL-12 priming, IL-2 stimulation, and INF- γ production. INF- γ -activated macrophages eliminate the Leishmania parasites/antigen to be followed by LST conversion and healing. In conclusion, PKDL is a typical example of paradoxical IRIS in non-HIV/AIDS individuals with anti-inflammatory cytokine patterns that are superseded by treatment-induced proinflammatory cytokines and lesions healing.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.