ArticlePLoS pathogens2013
Vpu binds directly to tetherin and displaces it from nascent virions.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV Genome-Wide Protein Associations: a Review of 30 Years of Research.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2016Pooled it
- Preservation of tetherin and CD4 counter-activities in circulating Vpu alleles despite extensive sequence variation within HIV-1 infected individuals.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- Quantitative and amino acid sequence analysis of soluble HIV-1 Vpu and calmodulin interactions.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- BST-2 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 egress at intracellular membranes and is neutralized by ORF7a.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Advances in Viroporin Function and Structure: A Comparative Analysis of Alphavirus 6K with Well-Characterized Viroporins.Viruses · 2025Review
- Adaptor Protein Complexes in HIV-1 Pathogenesis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Viruses · 2025Review
- The Deubiquitinase OTUD1 Influences HIV-1 Release by Regulating the Host Restriction Factor BST-2.Viruses · 2025Article
- piRNA Defense Against Endogenous Retroviruses.Viruses · 2024Review
- Antagonism of BST2/Tetherin, a new restriction factor of respiratory syncytial virus, requires the viral NS1 protein.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Metformin facilitates viral reservoir reactivation and their recognition by anti-HIV-1 envelope antibodies.iScience · 2024Article
- Metformin Enhances Antibody-Mediated Recognition of HIV-Infected CD4bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Ubiquitin-Dependent and Independent Proteasomal Degradation in Host-Pathogen Interactions.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Requirement of a functional ion channel for Sindbis virus glycoprotein transport, CPV-II formation, and efficient virus budding.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Substitutions in Nef That Uncouple Tetherin and SERINC5 Antagonism Impair Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in Primary Rhesus Macaque Lymphocytes.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Advances in HIV-1 Assembly.Viruses · 2022Review
- Infectious RNA: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Biology, Therapeutic Intervention, and the Quest for a Vaccine.Toxins · 2022Review
- Updating on Roles of HIV Intrinsic Factors: A Review of Their Antiviral Mechanisms and Emerging Functions.Intervirology · 2022Review
- Multi-functional BST2/tetherin against HIV-1, other viruses and LINE-1.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tetherin (Bst2/CD317/HM1.24) is an interferon-induced antiviral host protein that inhibits the release of many enveloped viruses by tethering virions to the cell surface. The HIV-1 accessory protein, Vpu, antagonizes Tetherin through a variety of proposed mechanisms, including surface downregulation and degradation. Previous studies have demonstrated that mutation of the transmembrane domains (TMD) of both Vpu and Tetherin affect antagonism, but it is not known whether Vpu and Tetherin bind directly to each other. Here, we use cysteine-scanning mutagenesis coupled with oxidation-induced cross-linking to demonstrate that Vpu and Tetherin TMDs bind directly to each other in the membranes of living cells and to map TMD residues that contact each other. We also reveal a property of Vpu, namely the ability to displace Tetherin from sites of viral assembly, which enables Vpu to exhibit residual Tetherin antagonist activity in the absence of surface downregulation or degradation. Elements in the cytoplasmic tail domain (CTD) of Vpu mediate this displacement activity, as shown by experiments in which Vpu CTD fragments were directly attached to Tetherin in the absence of the TMD. In particular, the C-terminal α-helix (H2) of Vpu CTD is sufficient to remove Tetherin from sites of viral assembly and is necessary for full Tetherin antagonist activity. Overall, these data demonstrate that Vpu and Tetherin interact directly via their transmembrane domains enabling activities present in the CTD of Vpu to remove Tetherin from sites of viral assembly.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.