ArticlePLoS pathogens2013
The Mnn2 mannosyltransferase family modulates mannoprotein fibril length, immune recognition and virulence of Candida albicans.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
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84 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
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- In Silico Discovery and in vitro Evaluation of the Antifungal and Cytotoxicity Properties of Zeaxanthin and β-Carotene.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Discovery of an Internal α-1,3-Linkage-Containing Manno-Oligosaccharide in theMicroorganisms · 2026Article
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- Genetic Insights into the Rheological Phenotype of Candida albicans Biofilms.Research square · 2026Article
- Manganese homeostasis modulates glucan and chitin unmasking in the opportunistic yeastVirulence · 2025Article
- Protein kinase A signaling regulates immune evasion by shaving and concealing fungal β-1,3-glucan.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
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- Antifungal activity of a maleimide derivative: disruption of cell membranes and interference with iron ion homoeostasis.Mycology · 2025Article
- β-1,6-Glucan plays a central role in the structure and remodeling of the bilaminate fungal cell wall.eLife · 2024Article
- Candida albicans N-Linked Mannans Potentiate the Induction of Trained Immunity via Dectin-2.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is the major pattern recognition receptor triggering the protective effect of amSphere · 2024Article
- A COmBio · 2024Article
- Macrophage pyroptosis induced by Candida albicans.Pathogens and disease · 2024Review
- Development of Negative Controls for Fc-C-Type Lectin Receptor Probes.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- The role of manganese in morphogenesis and pathogenesis of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Effects of altered N-glycan structures of Cryptococcus neoformans mannoproteins, MP98 (Cda2) and MP84 (Cda3), on interaction with host cells.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Nature of β-1,3-Glucan-Exposing Features on Candida albicans Cell Wall and Their Modulation.mBio · 2022Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
The fungal cell wall is the first point of interaction between an invading fungal pathogen and the host immune system. The outer layer of the cell wall is comprised of GPI anchored proteins, which are post-translationally modified by both N- and O-linked glycans. These glycans are important pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognised by the innate immune system. Glycan synthesis is mediated by a series of glycosyl transferases, located in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Mnn2 is responsible for the addition of the initial α1,2-mannose residue onto the α1,6-mannose backbone, forming the N-mannan outer chain branches. In Candida albicans, the MNN2 gene family is comprised of six members (MNN2, MNN21, MNN22, MNN23, MNN24 and MNN26). Using a series of single, double, triple, quintuple and sextuple mutants, we show, for the first time, that addition of α1,2-mannose is required for stabilisation of the α1,6-mannose backbone and hence regulates mannan fibril length. Sequential deletion of members of the MNN2 gene family resulted in the synthesis of lower molecular weight, less complex and more uniform N-glycans, with the sextuple mutant displaying only un-substituted α1,6-mannose. TEM images confirmed that the sextuple mutant was completely devoid of the outer mannan fibril layer, while deletion of two MNN2 orthologues resulted in short mannan fibrils. These changes in cell wall architecture correlated with decreased proinflammatory cytokine induction from monocytes and a decrease in fungal virulence in two animal models. Therefore, α1,2-mannose of N-mannan is important for both immune recognition and virulence of C. albicans.
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