ArticleSleep2013
Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for cerebral white matter change in a middle-aged and older general population.
Article in Sleep, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03410095 (The Brain Changes in Sleep Apnea Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 98 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Brain Changes in Sleep Apnea Study
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research progress on obstructive sleep apnea in the field of radiological imaging: bibliometric and visualization analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Sleep-disordered breathing is associated with brain vascular reactivity in spinal cord injury.Neurology · 2019Pooled it
- Obstructive sleep apnea and cerebral white matter change: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2018Pooled it
- Is Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Related to Neuropsychological Function in Healthy Older Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2017Pooled it
- Quantifying dilated perivascular spaces in children with sickle cell disease.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2024Trial
- White Matter Hyperintensity Burden and Short-Interval Change Associated With Sleep Apnoea in the UK Biobank.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Associations of clinical obesity with arterial stiffness and cerebral small vessel disease: a population-based study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cerebral Microbleeds in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Deep Learning Analysis of White Matter Hyperintensity and its Association with Comprehensive Vascular Factors in Two Large General Populations.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2025Article
- Oxygen-induced stress reveals context-specific gene regulatory effects in human brain organoids.Genome research · 2025Article
- Association of Hypoxemia Due to Obstructive Sleep Apnea With White Matter Hyperintensities and Temporal Lobe Changes in Older Adults.Neurology · 2025Observational
- Association between periventricular white matter hyperintensity and moderate-to-severe patients with sleep apnea syndrome.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Article
- Article
- Sleep apnea physiological burdens and markers of white matter injury: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Middle-age cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive function in later life: a population-based prospective cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinical correlates of obstructive sleep apnoea in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.European journal of neurology · 2024Observational
- The association between small vessel disease and obstructive sleep apnea: a peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity-based study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024Article
- Intracranial Aneurysms and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Is There an Association between Large- and Small-Artery Diseases?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) contributes to the development of systemic hypertension, and hypertension strongly predicts the development of white matter change (WMC). Thus, it is plausible that OSA mediates WMC. The goal of the current study is to determine whether a contextual relationship exists between OSA and cerebral WMC.
designCross-sectional analyses conducted in a population-based study.
settingKorean community-based sample from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) who attended examinations in 2011 at a medical center.
participantsThere were 503 individuals (mean ± SD, age 59.63 ± 7.48 y) who were free of previously diagnosed cardiovascular and neurologic diseases. MEASUREMENTS AND
resultsParticipants underwent 1-night polysomnography and were classified as no OSA (obstructive apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] < 5, n = 289), mild OSA (AHI 5-15, n = 161), and moderate to severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15, n = 53). WMC was identified with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was found in 199 individuals (39.56%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for covariates revealed that moderate to severe OSA was significantly associated with the presence of WMC (odds ratio [OR] 2.08, 95%, confidence interval [CI] 1.05-4.13) compared with no OSA. Additional adjustment of hypertension to the model did not alter the significance of the association (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.02-4.05).
conclusionsModerate to severe OSA is an independent risk factor for WMC in middle-aged and older individuals. Thus, early recognition and treatment of OSA could reduce the risk of stroke and vascular dementia.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.