ArticleSleep2013
Differentiating nonrestorative sleep from nocturnal insomnia symptoms: demographic, clinical, inflammatory, and functional correlates.
Article in Sleep, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Duration, and Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Experimental Sleep Deprivation.Biological psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- Nonrestorative Sleep and Poor Self-Reported Physical and Mental Health among Middle-Aged Japanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.JMA journal · 2026Article
- Dysmenorrhea and Absence of Restorative Sleep.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2026Article
- Association between nonrestorative sleep and increased healthcare costs: a 6-year cohort study.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2026Article
- Conventional polysomnographic parameters fail to predict unrefreshing sleep in patients suspected of obstructive sleep apnea.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Article
- Sleep disorders: comparison of ICD-11 and ICD-10.Der Nervenarzt · 2025Review
- [Sleep disorders: comparison of ICD-11 and ICD-10. German version].Der Nervenarzt · 2025Review
- High job stress evaluated using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire as an independent factor for nonrestorative sleep among Japanese workers.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2025Article
- Nonrestorative sleep and its associated factors in Chinese adolescents and the moderation effects of coffee or tea consumption.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Quantifying the interrelationships between physical, social, and cognitive-emotional components of mental fitness using digital technology.Npj mental health research · 2024Article
- Relationship between nonrestorative sleep and heartburn among a Japanese occupational population.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2023Article
- The effect of nonrestorative sleep on incident hypertension 1-2 years later among middle-aged Hispanics/Latinos.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Relationship between nonrestorative sleep with short sleep duration and diabetes mellitus comorbid among a Japanese occupational population.Diabetology international · 2023Article
- Nonrestorative sleep is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in the general Japanese population.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2023Article
- Fear of Cancer Recurrence and Sleep in Couples Coping With Early-Stage Breast Cancer.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2022Article
- Mortality associated with nonrestorative short sleep or nonrestorative long time-in-bed in middle-aged and older adults.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Noise sensitivity associated with nonrestorative sleep in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Association between Non-Restorative Sleep and Quality of Life in Chinese Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Reciprocal relations between work stress and insomnia symptoms: A prospective study.Journal of sleep research · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesRecent studies have suggested that nonrestorative sleep (NRS) symptoms may be distinct from nocturnal insomnia symptoms (NIS). However, there is limited information on the demographic, medical, and biologic correlates of NRS independent from NIS in the general population. This report presents the sociodemographic correlates, patterns of comorbidity with other sleep and physical disorders, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and general productivity associated with NIS and NRS in a nationally representative sample of US adults.
designNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
settingThe 2005-2008 surveys of the general population in the United States.
participantsThere were 10,908 individuals (20 years or older).
interventionsN/A. MEASUREMENTS AND
resultsRespondents were classified by the presence or absence of NIS and NRS. Compared with those without insomnia symptoms, respondents with NIS were older and had lower family income and educational levels than those with NRS. In addition, there was a significant association between NIS and cardiovascular disease, whereas NRS was associated with other primary sleep disorders (including habitual snoring, sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome), respiratory diseases (emphysema and chronic bronchitis), thyroid disease, and cancer as well as increased CRP levels. In addition, the study participants with NRS only reported poorer scores on the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) than those without insomnia symptoms or those with NIS only.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that there are substantial differences between NIS and NRS in terms of sociodemographic factors, comorbidity with other sleep and physical disorders, increased CRP level, and functional impairment. An inflammatory response might play a unique role in the pathogenesis of NRS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.