ArticleSexually transmitted infections2013
Patterns and trends in Pakistan's heterogeneous HIV epidemic.
Article in Sexually transmitted infections, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors of HIV and variation in access to clean needles among people who inject drugs in Pakistan.Pathogens and global health · 2023Article
- Sexual and gender minority health in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A scoping review.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2022Article
- Elucidating Drivers for Variations in the Explosive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic Among People Who Inject Drugs in Pakistan.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- The association of HIV and easy access to narcotics in Pakistan; calling drug policy makers.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2019Article
- Heterogeneity in geographical trends of HIV epidemics among key populations in Pakistan: a mathematical modeling study of survey data.Journal of global health · 2018Article
- Data and methods to characterize the role of sex work and to inform sex work programs in generalized HIV epidemics: evidence to challenge assumptions.Annals of epidemiology · 2016Review
- Article
- Drug-related HIV epidemic in Pakistan: a review of current situation and response and the way forward beyond 2015.Harm reduction journal · 2015Review
- The size and distribution of key populations at greater risk of HIV in Pakistan: implications for resource allocation for scaling up HIV prevention programmes.Sexually transmitted infections · 2013Article
- Second generation HIV surveillance in Pakistan: evidence for understanding the epidemic and planning a response.Sexually transmitted infections · 2013Article
- Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study.Pakistan journal of medical sciencesArticle
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConsiderable HIV transmission occurs among injection drug users (IDUs) in Pakistan and recently the HIV prevalence has been increasing among male (MSW), hijra (transgender; HSW) and female (FSW) sex workers. We describe past and estimate future patterns of HIV emergence among these populations in several cities in Pakistan.
methodsThe density of these key populations per 1000 adult men was calculated using 2011 mapping data from Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Larkana, Peshawar and Quetta, and surveillance data were used to assess bridging between these key populations. We used the UNAIDS Estimation and Projection Package model to estimate and project HIV epidemics among these key populations in Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad and Larkana.
resultsThe density and bridging of key populations varied across cities. Lahore had the largest FSW population (11.5/1000 adult men) and the smallest IDU population (1.7/1000 adult men). Quetta had the most sexual and drug injection bridging between sex workers and IDUs (6.7%, 7.0% and 3.8% of FSW, MSW and HSW, respectively, reported injecting drugs). Model evidence suggests that by 2015 HIV prevalence is likely to reach 17-22% among MSWs/HSWs in Karachi, 44-49% among IDUs in Lahore and 46-66% among IDUs in Karachi. Projection suggests the prevalence may reach as high as 65-75% among IDUs in Faisalabad by 2025. HIV prevalence is also estimated to increase among FSWs, particularly in Karachi and Larkana.
conclusionsThere is a need to closely monitor regional and subpopulation epidemic patterns and implement prevention programmes customised to local epidemics.
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