ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Surface display of a massively variable lipoprotein by a Legionella diversity-generating retroelement.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeted protein evolution in the gut microbiome by diversity-generating retroelements.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Identification of diversity-generating retroelements in host-associated and environmental genomes: prevalence, diversity, and roles.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Targeted protein evolution in the gut microbiome by diversity-generating retroelements.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Targeted hypermutation of putative antigen sensors in multicellular bacteria.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Tentaclins-A Novel Family of Phage Receptor-Binding Proteins That Can Be Hypermutated by DGR Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Screening for eukaryotic motifs inVirulence · 2022Article
- Identification and classification of reverse transcriptases in bacterial genomes and metagenomes.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Review
- Recruitment of Mobile Genetic Elements for Diverse Cellular Functions in Prokaryotes.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Prokaryotic reverse transcriptases: from retroelements to specialized defense systems.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- Ecology and molecular targets of hypermutation in the global microbiome.Nature communications · 2021Article
- NovelMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Role of diversity-generating retroelements for regulatory pathway tuning in cyanobacteria.BMC genomics · 2020Article
- Article
- MyDGR: a server for identification and characterization of diversity-generating retroelements.Nucleic acids research · 2019Article
- Crystal structure of a Thermus aquaticus diversity-generating retroelement variable protein.PloS one · 2019Article
- A diversity-generating retroelement encoded by a globally ubiquitous Bacteroides phage.Microbiome · 2018Article
- Diversity-generating retroelements: natural variation, classification and evolution inferred from a large-scale genomic survey.Nucleic acids research · 2018Article
- Core Concepts: How diversity-generating retroelements promote mutation and adaptation in myriad microbes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Review
- Retroelement-guided protein diversification abounds in vast lineages of Bacteria and Archaea.Nature microbiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are a unique family of retroelements that confer selective advantages to their hosts by facilitating localized DNA sequence evolution through a specialized error-prone reverse transcription process. We characterized a DGR in Legionella pneumophila, an opportunistic human pathogen that causes Legionnaires disease. The L. pneumophila DGR is found within a horizontally acquired genomic island, and it can theoretically generate 10(26) unique nucleotide sequences in its target gene, legionella determinent target A (ldtA), creating a repertoire of 10(19) distinct proteins. Expression of the L. pneumophila DGR resulted in transfer of DNA sequence information from a template repeat to a variable repeat (VR) accompanied by adenine-specific mutagenesis of progeny VRs at the 3'end of ldtA. ldtA encodes a twin-arginine translocated lipoprotein that is anchored in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane, with its C-terminal variable region surface exposed. Related DGRs were identified in L. pneumophila clinical isolates that encode unique target proteins with homologous VRs, demonstrating the adaptability of DGR components. This work characterizes a DGR that diversifies a bacterial protein and confirms the hypothesis that DGR-mediated mutagenic homing occurs through a conserved mechanism. Comparative bioinformatics predicts that surface display of massively variable proteins is a defining feature of a subset of bacterial DGRs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.