ArticleBritish journal of cancer2013
Geographic analysis of RKIP expression and its clinical relevance in colorectal cancer.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The YYR (YY1- RKIP) Regulatory Axis in the pathogenesis of Cancer and Immune Evasion.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Two Cysteines in Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein Make Differential Contributions to Structural Dynamics In Vitro.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Bmi-1 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibits cell apoptosis of human retinoblastoma cells via RKIP.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Targeting the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway for cancer therapy: from mechanism to clinical studies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Review
- Is there still a place for conventional histopathology in the age of molecular medicine? Laurén classification, inflammatory infiltration and other current topics in gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis.Histology and histopathology · 2021Review
- Downregulation of RKIP promotes radioresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating NRF2/NQO1 axis via downregulating miR-450b-5p.Cell death & disease · 2020Article
- RKIP: A Key Regulator in Tumor Metastasis Initiation and Resistance to Apoptosis: Therapeutic Targeting and Impact.Cancers · 2018Review
- Tumour budding in colorectal cancer: what do we know and what can we do?Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2016Review
- Loss of tapasin correlates with diminished CD8(+) T-cell immunity and prognosis in colorectal cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2015Article
- Role of Raf-kinase inhibitor protein in colorectal cancer and its regulation by hydroxycamptothecine.Journal of biomedical science · 2015Article
- Article
- Molecular and pathogenetic aspects of tumor budding in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in medicine · 2015Review
- Expression of RKIP in chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell and inhibits cell proliferation by regulating the ERK/MAPK pathway.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2014Article
- Combined evaluation of hexokinase 2 and phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase-E1α in invasive front lesions of colorectal tumors predicts cancer metabolism and patient prognosis.Cancer science · 2014Article
- miR-27a regulates cisplatin resistance and metastasis by targeting RKIP in human lung adenocarcinoma cells.Molecular cancer · 2014Article
- Tumor budding in upper gastrointestinal carcinomas.Frontiers in oncology · 2014Review
- RKIP-mediated chemo-immunosensitization of resistant cancer cells via disruption of the NF-κB/Snail/YY1/RKIP resistance-driver loop.Critical reviews in oncogenesis · 2014Review
- Loss of Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is strongly associated with high-grade tumor budding and correlates with an aggressive phenotype in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Journal of translational medicine · 2013Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study evaluates the geographic expression pattern of Raf-1 Kinase Inhibitor Protein (RKIP) in colorectal cancer (CRC) in correlation with clinicopathological and molecular features, markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and survival outcome.
methodsWhole-tissue sections of 220 well-characterised CRCs were immunostained for RKIP. NF-κB and E-Cadherin expression was assessed using a matched multi-punch tissue microarray. Analysis of mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression, B-Raf and KRAS mutations was performed. RKIP expression in normal mucosa, tumour centre, invasion front and tumour buds was each assessed for clinical relevance.
resultsRKIP was diffusely expressed in normal mucosa and progressively lost towards tumour centre and front (P<0.0001). Only 0.9% of tumour buds were RKIP-positive. In the tumour centre, RKIP deficiency predicted metastatic disease (P=0.0307), vascular invasion (P=0.0506), tumour budding (P=0.0112) and an invasive border configuration (P=0.0084). Loss of RKIP correlated with NF-κB activation (P=0.0002) and loss of E-Cadherin (P<0.0001). Absence of RKIP was more common in MMR-deficient cancers (P=0.0191), while no impact of KRAS and B-Raf mutation was observed. RKIP in the tumour centre was identified as a strong prognostic indicator (HR (95% CI): 2.13 (1.27-3.56); P=0.0042) independently of TNM classification and therapy (P=0.0474).
conclusionThe clinical relevance of RKIP expression as an independent prognostic factor is restricted to the tumour centre. Loss of RKIP predicts features of EMT and correlates with frequent distant metastasis.
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