ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2013
Risk of incident diabetes in relation to long-term exposure to fine particulate matter in Ontario, Canada.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Epidemiological and mechanistic links between PMFrontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases and air pollution: a systematic literature review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Pooled it
- Characteristics of cohort studies of long-term exposure to PMEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2019Pooled it
- Exposure to Environmental and Occupational Particulate Air Pollution as a Potential Contributor to Neurodegeneration and Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Research.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Environmental Risk Factors for Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Association between particulate matter 2.5 and diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of cohort studies.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2017Pooled it
- Association between ambient air pollution and diabetes mellitus in Europe and North America: systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2015Pooled it
- Association between long-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 and the risk of rapid renal function decline: a prospective study from CHARLS.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Exposure timing is a determinant of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pulmonary, vascular, and metabolic toxicity in male mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter and Glycated Hemoglobin Levels: A Cohort Study from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association of air pollution and depressive symptoms with cardiometabolic Multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults: an analysis based on the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS).Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Predicting cardiometabolic multimorbidity trajectory in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: insights from the cohort study on global ageing and adult health.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Pharmacotherapeutic Strategies for Fine Particulate Matter-Induced Lung and Cardiovascular Damage: Marketed Drugs, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Biological Agents.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis: The Problem and the Search for Its Solution.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Diabetes burden attributable to air pollution from 1990~2021 and the future trends: a population-based study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Analysis of diet-related stroke disease burden in China from 1990 to 2021 and projections for 2025-2044.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Outdoor nitrogen dioxide exposure and longitudinal health status trajectory in the Canadian National Population Health Survey.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cardiometabolic Health Effects of Air Pollution, Noise, Green Space, and Socioeconomic Status: The HERMES Study.Research report (Health Effects Institute) · 2024Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLaboratory studies suggest that fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 µm in diameter; PM(2.5)) can activate pathophysiological responses that may induce insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, epidemiological evidence relating PM2.5 and diabetes is sparse, particularly for incident diabetes.
objectivesWe conducted a population-based cohort study to determine whether long-term exposure to ambient PM(2.5) is associated with incident diabetes.
methodsWe assembled a cohort of 62,012 nondiabetic adults who lived in Ontario, Canada, and completed one of five population-based health surveys between 1996 and 2005. Follow-up extended until 31 December 2010. Incident diabetes diagnosed between 1996 and 2010 was ascertained using the Ontario Diabetes Database, a validated registry of persons diagnosed with diabetes (sensitivity = 86%, specificity = 97%). Six-year average concentrations of PM2.5 at the postal codes of baseline residences were derived from satellite observations. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the associations, adjusting for various individual-level risk factors and contextual covariates such as smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and neighborhood-level household income. We also conducted multiple sensitivity analyses. In addition, we examined effect modification for selected comorbidities and sociodemographic characteristics.
resultsThere were 6,310 incident cases of diabetes over 484,644 total person-years of follow-up. The adjusted hazard ratio for a 10-µg/m(3) increase in PM(2.5) was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.21). Estimated associations were comparable among all sensitivity analyses. We did not find strong evidence of effect modification by comorbidities or sociodemographic covariates.
conclusionsThis study suggests that long-term exposure to PM2.5 may contribute to the development of diabetes.
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