ArticleBMC infectious diseases2013
Risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease in Taiwan: a nationwide cohort study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetes as a risk factor for tuberculosis disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Identifying risk factors for COPD and adult-onset asthma: an umbrella review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- Risk for development of active tuberculosis in patients with chronic airway disease-a systematic review of evidence.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review on long-term adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of COPD.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2021Pooled it
- Association between diabetes mellitus and active tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Infection Risk Factor Analysis in AECOPD Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Concurrent Chinese and Western medication use and risk of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A national cohort study.Integrative medicine research · 2026Article
- Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among adult diabetes mellitus patients in western Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals, northwest Ethiopia. A multicenter retrospective follow-up study.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Prior pulmonary tuberculosis deteriorated all-cause mortality in AECOPD patients after discharge.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Risk of Tuberculosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Across Different Comorbidities.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2025Article
- Bidirectional Association Between Tuberculosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Impact of seropositivity and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on pulmonary tuberculosis risk in rheumatoid arthritis.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, and treatment of tuberculosis-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a narrative review.Ewha medical journal · 2025Review
- Association of CALLY index and CLR with COPD risk in middle-aged and older Americans: evidence from NHANES 2017-2020.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Betel Quid Use and Tuberculosis Transmission: A Neglected Focus Area for Tuberculosis Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Comorbidity increases the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis: a nested case-control study using multi-source big data.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Optimizing the cascade of prevention to protect people from tuberculosis: A potential game changer for reducing global tuberculosis incidence.PLOS global public health · 2024Review
- Determinants of tuberculosis disease development in children in central Ethiopia: A matched case-control study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Risk adjustment model for tuberculosis compared to non-tuberculosis mycobacterium or latent tuberculosis infection: Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis (cPMTb) cohort database.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAn association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and tuberculosis (TB) has been described, mainly due to smoking and corticosteroid use. Whether inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy is associated with an increased risk of TB remains unclear.
methodsWe selected COPD cases by using six diagnostic scenarios and control subjects from a nationwide health insurance database, and applied time-dependent Cox regression analysis to identify the risk factors for TB.
resultsAmong 1,000,000 beneficiaries, 23,594 COPD cases and 47,188 non-COPD control subjects were selected. Cox regression analysis revealed that age, male gender, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, and cirrhosis, as well as COPD (hazard ratio = 2.468 [2.205-2.762]) were independent risk factors for TB. Among the COPD cases, those who developed TB received more oral corticosteroids and oral β-agonists. Time-dependent Cox regression analysis revealed that age, male gender, diabetes mellitus, low income, oral corticosteroid dose, and oral β-agonist dose, but not ICS dose, were independent risk factors for TB. The identified risk factors and their hazard ratios were similar among the COPD cases selected using different scenarios.
conclusionKeeping a high suspicion and regularly monitoring for the development of pulmonary TB in COPD patients are necessary, especially for those receiving higher doses of oral corticosteroids and other COPD medications. Although ICS therapy has been shown to predispose COPD patients to pneumonia in large randomized clinical trials, it does not increase the risk of TB in real world practice.
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