ArticlePloS one2013
Drug synergy of tenofovir and nanoparticle-based antiretrovirals for HIV prophylaxis.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Antiviral role of nanomaterials: a material scientist's perspective.RSC advances · 2022Review
- The Promise of Nanotechnology in Personalized Medicine.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Novel Antiretroviral Therapeutic Strategies for HIV.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Gold nanoparticle biodistribution in pregnant mice following intravenous administration varies with gestational age.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2021Article
- Size-dependent biodistribution of thiol-organosilica nanoparticles and F4/80 protein expression in the genital tract of female mice after intravaginal administration.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2021Article
- Nanoparticle delivery system, highly active antiretroviral therapy, and testicular morphology: The role of stereology.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2021Review
- Recent Advances in Nanosystems and Strategies for Vaginal Delivery of Antimicrobials.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Inorganic and Polymeric Nanoparticles for Human Viral and Bacterial Infections Prevention and Treatment.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- In vitro Study on Synergistic Interactions Between Free and Encapsulated Q-Griffithsin and Antiretrovirals Against HIV-1 Infection.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Article
- Advancements in prophylactic and therapeutic nanovaccines.Acta biomaterialia · 2020Review
- Laser ablation for pharmaceutical nanoformulations: Multi-drug nanoencapsulation and theranostics for HIV.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2020Article
- Human Vault Nanoparticle Targeted Delivery of Antiretroviral Drugs to Inhibit Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2019Article
- Sustained Intracellular Raltegravir Depots Generated with Prodrugs Designed for Nanoparticle Delivery.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2019Article
- Nanotechnology approaches for delivery of cytochrome P450 substrates in HIV treatment.Expert opinion on drug delivery · 2019Review
- Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Nanosystems Designed for Drug Stability and Controlled Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2019Review
- Design of Poly(lactic-Pharmaceutics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe use of drug combinations has revolutionized the treatment of HIV but there is no equivalent combination product that exists for prevention, particularly for topical HIV prevention. Strategies to combine chemically incompatible agents may facilitate the discovery of unique drug-drug activities, particularly unexplored combination drug synergy. We fabricated two types of nanoparticles, each loaded with a single antiretroviral (ARV) that acts on a specific step of the viral replication cycle. Here we show unique combination drug activities mediated by our polymeric delivery systems when combined with free tenofovir (TFV). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsBiodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles loaded with efavirenz (NP-EFV) or saquinavir (NP-SQV) were individually prepared by emulsion or nanoprecipitation techniques. Nanoparticles had reproducible size (d ∼200 nm) and zeta potential (-25 mV). The drug loading of the nanoparticles was approximately 7% (w/w). NP-EFV and NP-SQV were nontoxic to TZM-bl cells and ectocervical explants. Both NP-EFV and NP-SQV exhibited potent protection against HIV-1 BaL infection in vitro. The HIV inhibitory effect of nanoparticle formulated ARVs showed up to a 50-fold reduction in the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) compared to free drug. To quantify the activity arising from delivery of drug combinations, we calculated combination indices (CI) according to the median-effect principle. NP-EFV combined with free TFV demonstrated strong synergistic effects (CI50 = 0.07) at a 1∶50 ratio of IC50 values and additive effects (CI50 = 1.05) at a 1∶1 ratio of IC50 values. TFV combined with NP-SQV at a 1∶1 ratio of IC50 values also showed strong synergy (CI50 = 0.07).
conclusionsARVs with different physicochemical properties can be encapsulated individually into nanoparticles to potently inhibit HIV. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that combining TFV with either NP-EFV or NP-SQV results in pronounced combination drug effects, and emphasize the potential of nanoparticles for the realization of unique drug-drug activities.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.