ArticleBMC evolutionary biology2013
A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes.
Article in BMC evolutionary biology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 471 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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471 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of snake translocations to identify potential tactics for reducing postrelease effects.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2023Pooled it
- A Guide to Direct (Peri)ocular Injuries Caused by Snakes: Systematic Review and Treatment Advice.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Pooled it
- Widespread male-female expression imbalance of X-linked genes across phrynosomatid lizards.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
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- Tracing Ancient Migration Routes: DidEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Triplet-based species tree estimation: Sensitivity to gene tree rooting (or lack thereof).PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- The Evolutionary History of Dragon Lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) Revealed by Phylogenomics.Systematic biology · 2026Article
- Evolutionary patterns of nervous plexuses in 3 iguanid families (Pleurodonta): influence of phylogeny and sexual dimorphism.Current zoology · 2026Article
- First Eocene lizard (Squamata) from Balkanatolia documents overwater dispersal of Paleogene pleurodontan iguanians.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Genomic Distortion of Jawed Vertebrate Phylogeny.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Vertebrate Genomes Project Phase I: A global reference genome resource.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Canonical PKCα-immunoreactive rod bipolar cells are present in nocturnal snakes but not in diurnal snakes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- SAASI: Sampling Aware Ancestral State Inference.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial genome characterization and phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily Dipsadinae (Reptilia: Colubridae).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Spatial Patterns of Variation in Climatic Niche Breadths in Agamid Lizards.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- The genome of the relict earless monitor lizard, Lanthanotus borneensis, and the Toxicofera hypothesis.BMC biology · 2026Article
- A new late Cretaceous squamate from Patagonia sheds light on Gondwanan diversity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A New Species of the GenusAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Sexual Dimorphism, Intrapopulation Phenotypic Variation and Matrilineal Genetic Diversity ofZoological studies · 2026Article
- Hidden colour signals as key drivers in the evolution of anti-predator coloration and defensive behaviours in snakes.Nature communications · 2025Article
411 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe extant squamates (>9400 known species of lizards and snakes) are one of the most diverse and conspicuous radiations of terrestrial vertebrates, but no studies have attempted to reconstruct a phylogeny for the group with large-scale taxon sampling. Such an estimate is invaluable for comparative evolutionary studies, and to address their classification. Here, we present the first large-scale phylogenetic estimate for Squamata.
resultsThe estimated phylogeny contains 4161 species, representing all currently recognized families and subfamilies. The analysis is based on up to 12896 base pairs of sequence data per species (average = 2497 bp) from 12 genes, including seven nuclear loci (BDNF, c-mos, NT3, PDC, R35, RAG-1, and RAG-2), and five mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, cytochrome b, ND2, and ND4). The tree provides important confirmation for recent estimates of higher-level squamate phylogeny based on molecular data (but with more limited taxon sampling), estimates that are very different from previous morphology-based hypotheses. The tree also includes many relationships that differ from previous molecular estimates and many that differ from traditional taxonomy.
conclusionsWe present a new large-scale phylogeny of squamate reptiles that should be a valuable resource for future comparative studies. We also present a revised classification of squamates at the family and subfamily level to bring the taxonomy more in line with the new phylogenetic hypothesis. This classification includes new, resurrected, and modified subfamilies within gymnophthalmid and scincid lizards, and boid, colubrid, and lamprophiid snakes.
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