SynthesisPloS one2013
Contrast water therapy and exercise induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05328830 (Comparison of the Effects of Instrumental Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization and Foam Roller on Delayed Muscle Pain.), which is not on this map. Cited by 42 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of the Effects of Instrumental Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization and Foam Roller on Delayed Muscle Pain.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical Therapies for Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness: An Umbrella and Mapping Systematic Review with Meta-meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- Flavonoid Containing Polyphenol Consumption and Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Can Water Temperature and Immersion Time Influence the Effect of Cold Water Immersion on Muscle Soreness? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2016Pooled it
- Whole-body cryotherapy (extreme cold air exposure) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Contrast Heat-Cold Versus Thermoneutral Showering in Trained Combat Sport Athletes: A Randomized Field Trial of Recovery Outcomes.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2026Trial
- Effects of Alternating Mild-Cold and Hot Water Immersion on Lower-Leg Blood Flow Following Immersion in Healthy Young Adults.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Trial
- Effect of pneumatic and cold compression on muscle performance and recovery in combat sports athletes.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Acute effects of cold, heat and contrast pressure therapy on forearm muscles regeneration in combat sports athletes: a randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Effects of alternating heat and cold stimulation at different cooling rates using a wearable thermo device on shoulder muscle stiffness: a cross-over study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Trial
- Effects of alternating heat and cold stimulation using a wearable thermo-device on subjective and objective shoulder stiffness.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Repeated Contrast Therapy on Forearm Microcirculatory and Neuromechanical Recovery After Climbing-Specific Fatigue in Amateur Climbers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of Contrast Water Therapy on Physiological and Perceptual Recovery Following High-Intensity Interval Swimming in Collegiate Swimmers.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Isolated and Combined Effects of Cold, Heat and Hypoxia Therapies on Muscle Recovery Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Comparison of the Effects of Cold-Water Immersion Applied Alone and Combined Therapy on the Recovery of Muscle Fatigue After Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mechanisms and Efficacy of Contrast Therapy for Musculoskeletal Painful Disease: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The untapped potential of cold water therapy as part of a lifestyle intervention for promoting healthy aging.GeroScience · 2025Review
- Influence of contrast compression therapy and water immersion contrast therapy on biomechanical parameters of the forearm muscles in martial arts athletes.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Immediate Effect of Compression Contrast Therapy on Quadriceps Femoris Muscles' Regeneration in MMA Fighters.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effect of Contrast Water Therapy (CWT) on recovery following exercise induced muscle damage. Controlled trials were identified from computerized literature searching and citation tracking performed up to February 2013. Eighteen trials met the inclusion criteria; all had a high risk of bias. Pooled data from 13 studies showed that CWT resulted in significantly greater improvements in muscle soreness at the five follow-up time points (<6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours) in comparison to passive recovery. Pooled data also showed that CWT significantly reduced muscle strength loss at each follow-up time (<6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours) in comparison to passive recovery. Despite comparing CWT to a large number of other recovery interventions, including cold water immersion, warm water immersion, compression, active recovery and stretching, there was little evidence for a superior treatment intervention. The current evidence base shows that CWT is superior to using passive recovery or rest after exercise; the magnitudes of these effects may be most relevant to an elite sporting population. There seems to be little difference in recovery outcome between CWT and other popular recovery interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.