ArticlePloS one2013
Low rates of repeat HIV testing despite increased availability of antiretroviral therapy in rural Tanzania: findings from 2003-2010.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Systematic review of strategies to increase men's HIV-testing in sub-Saharan Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2014Pooled it
- Financial incentives and deposit contracts to promote HIV retesting in Uganda: A randomized trial.PLoS medicine · 2021Trial
- A pilot randomized trial of incentive strategies to promote HIV retesting in rural Uganda.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Frequency of HIV-testing and factors associated with multiple lifetime HIV-testing among a rural population of Zambian men.BMC public health · 2015Trial
- Article
- Article
- HIV incidence declines in a rural South African population: a G-imputation approach for inference.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Correlates of Undiagnosed HIV Infection and Retesting Among Voluntary HIV Testing Clients at Mildmay Clinic, Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2019Article
- Incidence rate estimation, periodic testing and the limitations of the mid-point imputation approach.International journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Identifying gaps in HIV policy and practice along the HIV care continuum: evidence from a national policy review and health facility surveys in urban and rural Kenya.Health policy and planning · 2017Article
- 'It is just the way it was in the past before I went to test': a qualitative study to explore responses to HIV prevention counselling in rural Tanzania.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Uptake of services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in a community cohort in rural Tanzania from 2005 to 2012.BMC health services research · 2016Article
- Risk factors for service use and trends in coverage of different HIV testing and counselling models in northwest Tanzania between 2003 and 2010.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2015Article
- Re-Testing and Seroconversion Among HIV Testing and Counseling Clients in Lesotho.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2015Article
- HIV-related knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and utilisation of HIV counselling and testing: a venue-based intercept commuter population survey in the inner city of Johannesburg, South Africa.Global health action · 2015Article
- One size does not fit all: HIV testing preferences differ among high-risk groups in Northern Tanzania.AIDS care · 2015Article
- HIV testing preferences in Tanzania: a qualitative exploration of the importance of confidentiality, accessibility, and quality of service.BMC public health · 2014Article
- The 6 domains of behavior change: the missing health system building block.Global health, science and practice · 2013Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV counselling and testing (HCT) services can play an important role in HIV prevention by encouraging safe sexual behaviours and linking HIV-infected clients to antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, regular repeat testing by high-risk HIV-negative individuals is important for timely initiation of ART as part of the 'treatment as prevention' approach.
aimTo investigate HCT use during a round of HIV serological surveillance in northwest Tanzania in 2010, and to explore rates of repeat testing between 2003 and 2010.
methodsHCT services were provided during the fourth, fifth and sixth rounds of serological surveillance in 2003-2004 (Sero-4), 2006-2007 (Sero-5) and 2010 (Sero-6). HCT services have also been available at a government-run health centre and at other clinics in the study area since 2005. Questionnaires administered during sero-surveys collected information on socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour and reported previous use of HCT services.
resultsThe proportion of participants using HCT increased from 9.4% at Sero-4 to 16.6% at Sero-5 and 25.5% at Sero-6. Among participants attending all three sero-survey rounds (n = 2,010), the proportions using HCT twice or more were low, with 11.1% using the HCT service offered at sero-surveys twice or more, and 25.3% having tested twice or more if reported use of HCT outside of sero-surveys was taken into account. In multivariable analyses, individuals testing HIV-positive were less likely to repeat test than individuals testing HIV-negative (aOR 0.17, 95% CI 0.006-0.52). DISCUSSION/
conclusionsAlthough HCT service use increased over time, it was disappointing that the proportions ever testing and ever repeat-testing were not even larger, considering the increasing availability of HCT and ART in the study area. There was some evidence that HIV-negative people with higher risk sexual behaviours were most likely to repeat test, which was encouraging in terms of the potential to pick-up those at greatest risk of HIV-infection.
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