ArticlePloS one2013
Prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in Iran between 2010 and 2011.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of acquired and transmitted HIV drug resistance in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTIs) resistance mutations in Henan Province, China (2018-2020).Infection · 2021Article
- Article
- HIV in Iran: onset, responses, and future directions.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Review
- Characterization of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance mutations in Henan Province, China (2017-2019).Archives of virology · 2020Article
- Article
- HIV drug resistance among naïve HIV-infected patients in Iran.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2019Article
- Quality Of Life And Stigma Among People Living With HIV/AIDS In Iran.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Article
- Molecular prevalence of parvovirus B19 among HIV1-infected patients in Iran.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2018Article
- Life expectancy of HIV-positive patients after diagnosis in Iran from 1986 to 2016: A retrospective cohort study at national and sub-national levels.Epidemiology and health · 2018Article
- Pretreatment integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance in North Carolina from 2010-2016.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
- Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations among HIV Treatment Failure Patients in Tehran, Iran.Iranian journal of public health · 2017Article
- Overview of HIV molecular epidemiology among people who inject drugs in Europe and Asia.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2016Review
- Article
- Early initiation of antiretroviral treatment: Challenges in the Middle East and North Africa.World journal of virology · 2015Review
- Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations in Antiretroviral-Naïve Injection Drug Users with Chronic HIV-1 Infection in Iran.PloS one · 2015Article
- Subtype classification of Iranian HIV-1 sequences registered in the HIV databases, 2006-2013.PloS one · 2014Article
- The emergence of drug resistant HIV variants and novel anti-retroviral therapy.Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine · 2013Review
- Transmitted Drug Resistance Against Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors in Iranian HIV-Infected Naïve Patients.Avicenna journal of medical biotechnologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDrug-resistant (DR) HIV emerges during combined antiretroviral treatment (cART), creating concern about widespread transmission of DR-HIV as cART is expanded in resource-limited countries. The aim of this study was to determine the predominant HIV-1 subtypes and prevalence of transmitted DR mutations among antiretroviral-naïve patients in Iran.
designTo monitor transmission of DR HIV, a threshold surveillance based on the world health organization (WHO) guidelines was implemented in Iran.
methodsFor this HIVDR threshold surveillance study, blood samples were collected from 50 antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1-infected patients. Antiretroviral-resistant mutations were determined by sequencing HIV-1 protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase regions. The HIV-1 subtype was determined by sequencing the p17 and C2-V5 regions of the gag and env genes, respectively.
resultsPhylogenetic analyses of the sequenced regions revealed that 45 (95.7%) of 47 samples that were successfully obtained were CRF35_AD. The remaining two cases were subtype B (2.1%) and CRF01_AE (2.1%). Consistent results were obtained also from Env and Gag sequences. Regarding prevalence of transmitted DR viruses, two cases were found to harbor reverse transcriptase-inhibitor-resistant mutations (4.3%). In addition, although not in the WHO list for surveillance of transmitted mutations, 13 minor protease-inhibitor-resistant mutations listed in the International AIDS Society-USA panel of drug resistance mutations were found. No DR mutations were detected in the integrase region.
conclusionsOur study clarified that CRF35_AD is the major subtype among HIV-1-infected patients in Iran. According to the WHO categorization method of HIVDR threshold survey, the prevalence of transmitted drug resistant HIV in Iran was estimated as moderate (5-15%).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.