ArticlePloS one2013
Resistance to DDT in an urban setting: common mechanisms implicated in both M and S forms of Anopheles gambiae in the city of Yaoundé Cameroon.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- High efficacy of microbial larvicides for malaria vectors control in the city of Yaounde Cameroon following a cluster randomized trial.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Metabolomic Changes Underpinning Permethrin Resistance in theACS measurement science au · 2026Article
- Physical integrity and bioefficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets 18 months after use among Central African Republic refugees in Gado-Badzere, a high malaria burden camp in Cameroon.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2026Article
- Metabolomic changes underpinning permethrin resistance in thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Genomic Analysis Reveals a New Cryptic Taxon Within the Anopheles gambiae Complex With a Distinct Insecticide Resistance Profile in the Coast of East Africa.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Characterization of insecticide resistance mechanisms in the Anopheles gambiae population of Sierra Leone.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Phenotypic evidence of deltamethrin resistance and identification of selective sweeps in Anopheles mosquitoes on the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are associated with insecticide resistance in the major malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Level of involvement of four selected cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in pyrethroid-resistantCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Article
- GeCoNet-Tool: a software package for gene co-expression network construction and analysis.BMC bioinformatics · 2023Article
- Malaria transmission pattern across the Sahelian, humid savanna, highland and forest eco-epidemiological settings in Cameroon.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Detection of a reduced susceptibility to chlorfenapyr in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae contrasts with full susceptibility in Anopheles funestus across Africa.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Genetic Diversity of Cytochrome P450sGenes · 2022Article
- Pyrethroid Resistance Situation across Different Eco-Epidemiological Settings in Cameroon.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Temporal variation of high-level pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Yaoundé, Cameroon, is mediated by target-site and metabolic resistance.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2022Article
- Rapid evolution of insecticide resistance and patterns of pesticides usage in agriculture in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- A globalBMC bioinformatics · 2022Article
- Multi-insecticide resistant malaria vectors in the field remain susceptible to malathion, despite the presence of Ace1 point mutations.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Transposable element variants and their potential adaptive impact in urban populations of the malaria vectorGenome research · 2022Article
- Experimental evolution supports the potential of neonicotinoid-pyrethroid combination for managing insecticide resistance in malaria vectors.Scientific reports · 2021Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the city of Yaoundé in Cameroon malaria is predominately transmitted by the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae and both are resistant to the pyrethroid insecticides and DDT. Mutations in the target site of these insecticides, present at a high frequency in malaria vectors in this city, contribute to this resistance profile. To identify additional resistance mechanisms, the expression profile of multiple DDT-resistant field populations of M and S molecular forms was compared to laboratory-susceptible populations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsThe prevalence of DDT resistance was highest in the S form population originating from the cultivated site of Nkolondom (mortality after WHO bioassay = 4%). A high prevalence of DDT resistance was also found in two urban M form populations, Messa from a pristine unpolluted environment (DDT mortality = 54%), and Gare, where the breeding sites are heavily polluted with organic matter (DDT mortality = 38%). Microarray analysis showed that several transcripts coding for detoxification enzymes (P450s, GSTs and UDPGTs) and ABC transporters were upregulated in the three populations. Despite the presence of multiple detoxification genes over expressed in the DDT-resistant subset of these field populations, only three were commonly over expressed in resistant populations from all three environments. Two of these genes, CYP6M2 and GSTD1-6, encode enzymes that have been previously shown to metabolize DDT. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Analogous to target site resistance, genes involved in metabolic resistance to DDT are also shared between the M and S forms of An gambiae. Alternative explanations for this occurrence are explored.
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