ArticleVaccine2013
Liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A: a potent adjuvant system for inducing antibodies to heroin hapten analogs.
Article in Vaccine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unlocking the Potency of Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin: Structural Insights, Immunological Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Frontiers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Solid-Phase Glycolipid Synthesis Expedites Liposome Functionalization.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Precision Adjuvant Strategies in Vaccine Development for Substance Use Disorders: Variability and Mechanistic Insights.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Scale-up and cGMP manufacturing of next-generation vaccine adjuvant saponin/MPLA nanoParticles (SMNP).Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Article
- A novel cationic liposome-formulated toll like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist enhances the efficacy of a vaccine against fentanyl toxicity.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- The development of opioid vaccines as a novel strategy for the treatment of opioid use disorder and overdose prevention.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Opioid-Based Haptens: Development of Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Self-Adjuvanting TLR7/8 Agonist and Fentanyl Hapten Co-Conjugate Achieves Enhanced Protection against Fentanyl Challenge.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2023Article
- A lipidated TLR7/8 adjuvant enhances the efficacy of a vaccine against fentanyl in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Development of an Effective Monoclonal Antibody against Heroin and Its Metabolites Reveals Therapies Have Mistargeted 6-Monoacetylmorphine and Morphine over Heroin.ACS central science · 2022Article
- Design, Synthesis, and In Vivo Evaluation of C1-Linked 4,5-Epoxymorphinan Haptens for Heroin Vaccines.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Bivalent Conjugate Vaccine Induces Dual Immunogenic Response That Attenuates Heroin and Fentanyl Effects in Mice.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2021Article
- Potential SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: Concept, progress, and challenges.International immunopharmacology · 2021Review
- Conserved Influenza Hemagglutinin, Neuraminidase and Matrix Peptides Adjuvanted with ALFQ Induce Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Synthesis and immunological effects of C14-linked 4,5-epoxymorphinan analogues as novel heroin vaccine haptens.RSC chemical biology · 2021Article
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR): Fifty Years of Achievements That Impact Science and Society.Military medicine · 2021Article
- Developing Translational Vaccines against Heroin and Fentanyl through Investigation of Adjuvants and Stability.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Recombination Monophosphoryl Lipid A-Derived Vacosome for the Development of Preventive Cancer Vaccines.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2020Article
- Novel Vaccine That Blunts Fentanyl Effects and Sequesters Ultrapotent Fentanyl Analogues.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2020Article
- Synthesis of Potential Haptens with Morphine Skeleton and Determination of Protonation Constants.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In order to create an effective immunization approach for a potential vaccine to heroin, liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A [L(MPLA)] were tested as an adjuvant system to induce antibodies to heroin hapten analogs. Four synthetic haptens and two immunization strategies were employed. In the first strategy, a hydrophobic 23 amino acid immunogenic peptide derived from the membrane proximal external region of gp41 from HIV-1 envelope protein was embedded as a carrier in the outer surface of L(MPLA), to which was conjugated a 15 amino acid universal T cell epitope and a terminal heroin hapten analog. In the second strategy, tetanus toxoid (TT) carrier protein was decorated with haptens by conjugation, and the hapten-conjugated protein was mixed with L(MPLA). After immunization of mice, each of the immunization strategies was effective for induction of IgG anti-hapten antibodies. The first immunization strategy induced a mean end-point IgG titer against one of two haptens tested of approximately 12,800; however, no detectable antibodies were induced against the liposome-associated HIV-1 carrier peptide. In the second immunization strategy, depending on the hapten used for decorating the TT, end-point IgG titers ranged from 100,000 to 6,500,000. In this strategy, in which hapten was conjugated to the TT, end-point IgG titers of 400,000 to the TT carrier were observed with each conjugate. However, upon mixing unconjugated TT with L(MPLA), anti-TT titers of 6,500,000 were observed. We conclude that L(MPLA) serves as a potent adjuvant for inducing antibodies to candidate heroin haptens. However, antibodies to the carrier peptide or protein were partly or completed inhibited by the presence of conjugated hapten.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.