ReviewNeuroscience2013
Cannabinoid and opioid interactions: implications for opiate dependence and withdrawal.
Review in Neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 198 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabinoids and opioid consumption in cancer pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Pooled it
- The Potential Use of Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: A Systematic Review.Addiction biology · 2025Pooled it
- Alleviation of opioid withdrawal by cannabis and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: A systematic review of observational and experimental human studies.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Pooled it
- Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol modulates pain sensitivity among persons receiving opioid agonist therapy for opioid use disorder: A within-subject, randomized, placebo-controlled laboratory study.Addiction biology · 2023Trial
- Opioid withdrawal suppression efficacy of oral dronabinol in opioid dependent humans.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Trial
- Safety of oral dronabinol during opioid withdrawal in humans.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Trial
- Novel associations between FAAH genetic variants and postoperative central opioid-related adverse effects.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2015Trial
- Naltrexone Maintenance Decreases Cannabis Self-Administration and Subjective Effects in Daily Cannabis Smokers.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- The effects of dronabinol during detoxification and the initiation of treatment with extended release naltrexone.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Trial
- No evidence for reduction of opioid-withdrawal symptoms by cannabis smoking during a methadone dose taper.The American journal on addictions · 2015Trial
- Safety and pharmacokinetics of oral cannabidiol when administered concomitantly with intravenous fentanyl in humans.Journal of addiction medicineTrial
- Early onset of cannabis use and risk for opioid use disorder across two decades in the United States.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Self-reported cannabis use to manage opioid withdrawal symptoms and reductions in opioid use among people who use unregulated opioids: a cross-sectional analysis.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- The effects of vaped cannabis on the severity of naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Pain in Alzheimer's Disease: Disrupted Multilevel Integration of Nociception, Affective Processing and Clinical Expression Across Clinical and Preclinical Evidence.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- FAAH and MAGL inhibition: Evolving approaches to treating substance use disorders.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Cannabinoid CB1 receptor and mu-opioid receptor interaction: new insights from conditional knockout mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Withdrawal-Induced Delirium in Opioid Dependence: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- A Preliminary Investigation of Brain Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 (CB1R) Availability in Men with Opioid Use Disorder.Research square · 2025Article
- Cannabis use and acute postoperative pain outcomes in older adults: a propensity matched retrospective cohort study.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Withdrawal from opiates, such as heroin or oral narcotics, is characterized by a host of aversive physical and emotional symptoms. High rates of relapse and limited treatment success rates for opiate addiction have prompted a search for new approaches. For many opiate addicts, achieving abstinence may be further complicated by poly-drug use and co-morbid mental disorders. Research over the past decade has shed light on the influence of endocannabinoids (ECs) on the opioid system. Evidence from both animal and clinical studies point toward an interaction between these two systems, and suggest that targeting the EC system may provide novel interventions for managing opiate dependence and withdrawal. This review will summarize the literature surrounding the molecular effects of cannabinoids and opioids on the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system, a key circuit implicated in the negative sequelae of opiate addiction. A consideration of the trends and effects of marijuana use in those seeking treatment to abstain from opiates in the clinical setting will also be presented. In summary, the present review details how cannabinoid-opioid interactions may inform novel interventions in the management of opiate dependence and withdrawal.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.