Trial reportCritical care (London, England)2013
Changes in hospital mortality for United States intensive care unit admissions from 1988 to 2012.
Trial report in Critical care (London, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 229 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Safety, Tolerability, and Early Efficacy of Immersive Virtual Reality for Early Neurocognitive Stimulation in the Intensive Care Unit.
Early and Intensive Occupational Therapy Improves the Functional Status of Critical Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation at Discharge: Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
229 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A consensus immune dysregulation framework for sepsis and critical illnesses.Nature medicine · 2025Guideline
- Prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment following acute respiratory distress syndrome of any cause: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the effectiveness of eHealth interventions in treating Post Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) outcomes: a systematic review.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Resource use, availability and cost in the provision of critical care in Tanzania: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Long-term effects of lower versus higher oxygenation levels in adult ICU patients-A systematic review.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2022Pooled it
- Effects on health-related quality of life of interventions affecting survival in critically ill patients: a systematic review.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Patient outcomes after critical illness: a systematic review of qualitative studies following hospital discharge.Critical care (London, England) · 2016Pooled it
- Depressive Symptoms After Critical Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Critical care medicine · 2016Pooled it
- A Co-Designed Post-ICU Follow-Up Pathway Is Feasible and May Be Associated With Improved Psychosocial Recovery for Patients and Their Caregivers: Outcomes From the IMPACT-ICU Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial.Critical care explorations · 2026Trial
- Health-related quality of life correlates with patient-reported and proxy-reported disability in critical illness survivors: a secondary analysis of the ERIC trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Crystalloid Liberal or Vasopressors Early Resuscitation in Sepsis-Study of Treatment's Echocardiographic Mechanisms (CLOVERS-STEM).Critical care explorations · 2024Trial
- DNA methylation alterations in muscle of critically ill patients.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2022Trial
- Continuous renal replacement therapy versus intermittent hemodialysis as first modality for renal replacement therapy in severe acute kidney injury: a secondary analysis of AKIKI and IDEAL-ICU studies.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Hypoalbuminemia, Low Base Excess Values, and Tachypnea Predict 28-Day Mortality in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Patients in the Emergency Department.Yonsei medical journal · 2016Trial
- Palliative Care Involvement in Relation to Rapid Response Events: A Focus on Care Intensity at the End of Life.Critical care explorations · 2026Article
- Temporal Discordance of the Inflammation, Catabolism and Immunosuppression Triad in Chronic Critical Illness.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Article
- Rurality and long-term outcomes after critical illness.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2026Article
- Critical illness expands a transcriptionally distinct hypometabolic CD8bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Non clinic-Based Interventions to Mitigate Post-Intensive Care Syndrome: A Scoping Review.Critical care explorations · 2026Article
169 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionA decrease in disease-specific mortality over the last twenty years has been reported for patients admitted to United States (US) hospitals, but data for intensive care patients are lacking. The aim of this study was to describe changes in hospital mortality and case-mix using clinical data for patients admitted to multiple US ICUs over the last 24 years.
methodsWe carried out a retrospective time series analysis of hospital mortality using clinical data collected from 1988 to 2012. We also examined the impact of ICU admission diagnosis and other clinical characteristics on mortality over time. The potential impact of hospital discharge destination on mortality was also assessed using data from 2001 to 2012.
resultsFor 482,601 ICU admissions there was a 35% relative decrease in mortality from 1988 to 2012 despite an increase in age and severity of illness. This decrease varied greatly by diagnosis. Mortality fell by >60% for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, seizures and surgery for aortic dissection and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Mortality fell by 51% to 59% for six diagnoses, 41% to 50% for seven diagnoses, and 10% to 40% for seven diagnoses. The decrease in mortality from 2001 to 2012 was accompanied by an increase in discharge to post-acute care facilities and a decrease in discharge to home.
conclusionsHospital mortality for patients admitted to US ICUs has decreased significantly over the past two decades despite an increase in the severity of illness. Decreases in mortality were diagnosis specific and appear attributable to improvements in the quality of care, but changes in discharge destination and other confounders may also be responsible.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.