ArticleCell death & disease2013
Interleukin-6 contributes to CNS axon regeneration upon inflammatory stimulation.
Article in Cell death & disease, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Frontiers of optic nerve regeneration research: an analysis of the top 100 most influential articles in the field from 2005 to 2025.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Satellite Glial Cells in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Retrograde viral delivery of hyper-IL-6 activates Stat3 in corticospinal tract neurons but causes severe tremors and weight loss in adult mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Dietary intake of whale oil-containing ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuates choroidal neovascularization in mice.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Reawakening inflammation in the chronically injured spinal cord using lipopolysaccharide induces diverse microglial states.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Local glycolysis supports injury-induced axonal regeneration.The Journal of cell biology · 2024Article
- Targeting Vasohibins to Promote Axon Regeneration.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Unlocking the potential for optic nerve regeneration over long distances: a multi-therapeutic intervention.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Diabetic Müller-Glial-Cell-Specific Il6ra Knockout Mice Exhibit Accelerated Retinal Functional Decline and Thinning of the Inner Nuclear Layer.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Inhibition of microtubule detyrosination by parthenolide facilitates functional CNS axon regeneration.eLife · 2023Article
- The role of monocytes in optic nerve injury.Neural regeneration research · 2023Review
- Immune synaptopathies: how maternal immune activation impacts synaptic function during development.The EMBO journal · 2023Review
- Promotion of axon regeneration and protection on injured retinal ganglion cells by rCXCL2.Inflammation and regeneration · 2023Article
- Erythropoietin Protects against Retinal Damage in A Rat Model of Optic Neuropathy via Glial Suppression.Cell journal · 2023Article
- Microglia as the Critical Regulators of Neuroprotection and Functional Recovery in Cerebral Ischemia.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- The proteome of distal nerves: implication in delayed repair and poor functional recovery.Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
- Crystallins Play a Crucial Role in Glaucoma and Promote Neuronal Cell Survival in an In Vitro Model Through Modulating Müller Cell Secretion.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Hepatic glycogen participates in the regulation of hypothalamic pAkt/Akt ratio in high-sugar/high-fat diet-induced obesity.Metabolic brain disease · 2022Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) do not normally regenerate injured axons and undergo apoptosis after axotomy. Inflammatory stimulation (IS) in the eye mediates neuroprotection and induces axon regeneration into the injured optic nerve. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) have been identified as key mediators of these effects. Here, we investigated the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6), another member of the glycoprotein 130-activating cytokine family, as additional contributing factor. Expression of IL-6 was markedly induced in the retina upon optic nerve injury and IS, and mature RGCs expressed the IL-6 receptor. Treatment of cultured RGCs with IL-6 or specific IL-6 receptor agonist, significantly increased neurite outgrowth janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (JAK/STAT3) and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) dependently. Moreover, IL-6 reduced myelin, but not neurocan-mediated growth inhibition mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) dependently in cultured RGCs. In vivo, intravitreal application of IL-6 transformed RGCs into a regenerative state, enabling axon regeneration beyond the lesion site of the optic nerve. On the other hand, genetic ablation of IL-6 in mice significantly reduced IS-mediated myelin disinhibition and axon regeneration in the optic nerve. Therefore, IL-6 contributes to the beneficial effects of IS and its disinhibitory effect adds an important feature to the effects of so far identified IS-mediating factors. Consequently, application of IL-6 or activation of its receptor might provide suitable strategies for enhancing optic nerve regeneration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.