Trial reportGenome biology2013
Interactions between immunity, proliferation and molecular subtype in breast cancer prognosis.
Trial report in Genome biology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Characterization of the immunophenotypes and antigenomes of colorectal cancers reveals distinct tumor escape mechanisms and novel targets for immunotherapy.Genome biology · 2015Pooled it
- Evofosfamide for the treatment of human papillomavirus-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.JCI insight · 2018Trial
- Association of regulatory B, T cells and cytokine production with disease stage in non-small cell lung cancer patients: prospective case control study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Tanshinone IIA in breast cancer: Molecular mechanisms, structural optimization and translational challenges (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Cancer stem cell markers, chemotherapy response, and survival in triple-negative breast cancer.World journal of clinical oncology · 2026Article
- New causal discovery algorithm over censored variables identifies subtype-specific drivers of breast cancer progression.GigaScience · 2026Article
- Mohs Surgery vs. Wide Local Excision for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Comparing Recurrence Rates, Economic Value, and Aesthetic Outcomes.Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics · 2026Article
- Integration of Single-cell and Bulk Transcriptome Analyses Unravels a Macrophage-based Gene Signature for Prognostication and Treatment in Triple-negative Breast Cancer.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- The search for a TNBC vaccine: the guardian vaccine.Cancer biology & therapy · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial Dynamics Through the Lens of Nonlinear Chemical Oscillations: A Theoretical Exploration Inspired by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Single-cell analysis and machine learning-based integration develop an immune-responsive signature of antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts in lung adenocarcinoma.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Highly multiplexed imaging reveals prognostic immune and stromal spatial biomarkers in breast cancer.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Unraveling the breast cancer tumor microenvironment: crucial factors influencing natural killer cell function and therapeutic strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Integrated single-cell analysis reveals distinct epigenetic-regulated cancer cell states and a heterogeneity-guided core signature in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.Genome medicine · 2024Article
- Differential chromatin accessibility and transcriptional dynamics define breast cancer subtypes and their lineages.Nature cancer · 2024Article
- CD8Molecular medicine reports · 2024Article
- FADS1/2 control lipid metabolism and ferroptosis susceptibility in triple-negative breast cancer.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- The VEGF-Hypoxia Signature Is Upregulated in Basal-like Breast Tumors from Women of African Ancestry and Associated with Poor Outcomes in Breast Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Article
- A ubiquitin-proteasome system-related signature to predict prognosis, immune infiltration, and therapy efficacy for breast cancer.Immunologic research · 2024Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGene expression signatures indicative of tumor proliferative capacity and tumor-immune cell interactions have emerged as principal biology-driven predictors of breast cancer outcomes. How these signatures relate to one another in biological and prognostic contexts remains to be clarified.
resultsTo investigate the relationship between proliferation and immune gene signatures, we analyzed an integrated dataset of 1,954 clinically annotated breast tumor expression profiles randomized into training and test sets to allow two-way discovery and validation of gene-survival associations. Hierarchical clustering revealed a large cluster of distant metastasis-free survival-associated genes with known immunological functions that further partitioned into three distinct immune metagenes likely reflecting B cells and/or plasma cells; T cells and natural killer cells; and monocytes and/or dendritic cells. A proliferation metagene allowed stratification of cases into proliferation tertiles. The prognostic strength of these metagenes was largely restricted to tumors within the highest proliferation tertile, though intrinsic subtype-specific differences were observed in the intermediate and low proliferation tertiles. In highly proliferative tumors, high tertile immune metagene expression equated with markedly reduced risk of metastasis whereas tumors with low tertile expression of any one of the three immune metagenes were associated with poor outcome despite higher expression of the other two metagenes.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that a productive interplay among multiple immune cell types at the tumor site promotes long-term anti-metastatic immunity in a proliferation-dependent manner. The emergence of a subset of effective immune responders among highly proliferative tumors has novel prognostic ramifications.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.