ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2013
Signals through the striatopallidal indirect pathway stop movements by phasic excitation in the substantia nigra.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Connectivity and Functionality of the Globus Pallidus Externa Under Normal Conditions and Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2021Pooled it
- From metabolic intermediary to neurotransmitter: purinergic signaling in neurophysiology and vulnerability of brain circuits.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- Lentiviral Vector Administration into the Mouse Brain.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Synaptic integration and competition in the substantia nigra pars reticulata-An experimental and in silico analysis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Contribution of glutamatergic projections to neurons in the nonhuman primate substantia nigra pars reticulata for reactive inhibition.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Synergistic Reinforcement Learning by Cooperation of the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Optogenetic stimulation of the dorsal striatum bidirectionally controls seizures.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Contribution of glutamatergic projections to neurons in the nonhuman primate lateral substantia nigra pars reticulata for the reactive inhibition.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Free will: An Example of the Dopaminergic System.Integrative psychological & behavioral science · 2024Review
- Sensory-motor circuit is a therapeutic target forScience advances · 2024Article
- Neuromodulator regulation and emotions: insights from the crosstalk of cell signaling.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Rethinking the external globus pallidus and information flow in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits.ArXiv · 2023Article
- The transcription regulator Lmo3 is required for the development of medial ganglionic eminence derived neurons in the external globus pallidus.Developmental biology · 2023Article
- Shared GABA transmission pathology in dopamine agonist- and antagonist-induced dyskinesia.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- The Dynamics of Dopamine DNeuroscience bulletin · 2023Article
- The indirect pathway of the basal ganglia promotes transient punishment but not motor suppression.Neuron · 2023Article
- Behavioral effects of zonisamide on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease model mice.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Motor learning is independent of effects of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on motor execution.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Transiently Nav1.8-expressing neurons are capable of sensing noxious stimuli in the brain.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The striatum and subthalamic nucleus (STN) are the input stations of the basal ganglia and receive excitatory afferents from the cerebral cortex. The basal ganglia control voluntary movements through three parallel pathways mediated by the input stations: the hyperdirect pathway, which conveys direct cortical inputs to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), the output nucleus, through the STN; the direct pathway, which arises from striatal neurons expressing dopamine D1 receptors and projects to the SNr; and the indirect pathway, which arises from striatal neurons expressing dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) and projects indirectly to the SNr by way of the globus pallidus (GP) and STN. Our previous study showed that immunotoxin-mediated cell targeted ablation of D2R-expressing striatal neurons in mice induced motor hyperactivity. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the hyperactivity, here we examined neuronal activity in the GP and SNr. The ablation of D2R-expressing striatal neurons had little effect on spontaneous activity in the GP and SNr, but induced dramatic changes in the cortically evoked triphasic response composed of early excitation, inhibition, and late excitation in the GP and SNr (i.e., reduced inhibition in the GP, and reduced late excitation in the GP and SNr). In contrast, the ablation of striatal cholinergic interneurons, which also express D2Rs, did not show such effects. Therefore, the reduction of the cortically evoked late excitation in the SNr seems to be responsible for hyperactivity. These observations suggest that phasic late excitation in the SNr through the striatopallidal indirect pathway plays a key role in stopping movements.
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