ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2013
The A128T resistance mutation reveals aberrant protein multimerization as the primary mechanism of action of allosteric HIV-1 integrase inhibitors.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase Beyond the Active Site: The Discovery and Development of Allosteric Integrase Inhibitors.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
- Mapping the TAR vRNA Interaction with HIV-1 Integrase.Viruses · 2026Article
- Mapping the vRNA Interaction with HIV-1 Integrase.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- 2-(Trihydroxyphenyl)thienopyrimidinones as Key Scaffolds for Targeting a Novel Allosteric Site of HIV-1 Integrase.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Structural Impact of Ex Vivo Resistance Mutations on HIV-1 Integrase Polymers Induced by Allosteric Inhibitors.Journal of molecular biology · 2025Article
- The primary mechanism for highly potent inhibition of HIV-1 maturation by lenacapavir.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Optimizing the Multimerization Properties of Quinoline-Based Allosteric HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors.Viruses · 2024Review
- The structural and mechanistic bases for the viral resistance to allosteric HIV-1 integrase inhibitor pirmitegravir.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Dihydroxyphenyl- and Heteroaromatic-Based Thienopyrimidinones to Tackle HIV-1 LEDGF/p75-Dependent IN Activity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Structure of a HIV-1 IN-Allosteric inhibitor complex at 2.93 Å resolution: Routes to inhibitor optimization.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Drug Resistance to Integrase Strand-Transfer Inhibitors among HIV-1-Infected Adults in Guangdong, China.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Allosteric Integrase Inhibitor Influences on HIV-1 Integration and Roles of LEDGF/p75 and HDGFL2 Host Factors.Viruses · 2022Article
- Article
- Multimodal Functionalities of HIV-1 Integrase.Viruses · 2022Review
- Article
- HIV-1 integrase binding to genomic RNA 5'-UTR induces local structural changes in vitro and in virio.Retrovirology · 2021Article
- A highly potent and safe pyrrolopyridine-based allosteric HIV-1 integrase inhibitor targeting host LEDGF/p75-integrase interaction site.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Suppression of HIV-1 Integration by Targeting HIV-1 Integrase for Degradation with A Chimeric Ubiquitin Ligase.Virologica Sinica · 2021Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Allosteric HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors (ALLINIs) are a very promising new class of anti-HIV-1 agents that exhibit a multimodal mechanism of action by allosterically modulating IN multimerization and interfering with IN-lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75 binding. Selection of viral strains under ALLINI pressure has revealed an A128T substitution in HIV-1 IN as a primary mechanism of resistance. Here, we elucidated the structural and mechanistic basis for this resistance. The A128T substitution did not affect the hydrogen bonding between ALLINI and IN that mimics the IN-LEDGF/p75 interaction but instead altered the positioning of the inhibitor at the IN dimer interface. Consequently, the A128T substitution had only a minor effect on the ALLINI IC50 values for IN-LEDGF/p75 binding. Instead, ALLINIs markedly altered the multimerization of IN by promoting aberrant higher order WT (but not A128T) IN oligomers. Accordingly, WT IN catalytic activities and HIV-1 replication were potently inhibited by ALLINIs, whereas the A128T substitution in IN resulted in significant resistance to the inhibitors both in vitro and in cell culture assays. The differential multimerization of WT and A128T INs induced by ALLINIs correlated with the differences in infectivity of HIV-1 progeny virions. We conclude that ALLINIs primarily target IN multimerization rather than IN-LEDGF/p75 binding. Our findings provide the structural foundations for developing improved ALLINIs with increased potency and decreased potential to select for drug resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.