Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2013
Long-term alcohol and caffeine intake and risk of sudden cardiac death in women.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00000611 (Women's Health Initiative), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Women's Health Initiative (WHI)
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tea consumption and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality: a meta-analysis of thirty-eight prospective cohort data sets.Epidemiology and health · 2024Pooled it
- Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Health.The American journal of medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Dose-Response Relation between Tea Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Cardiac Responses to Alcohol: A Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Coffee and cardiac arrhythmias: Up-date review of the literature and clinical studies.Cardiology journal · 2023Review
- Effect of different alcohol consumption levels on the left atrial size: A cross-sectional study in rural China.Anatolian journal of cardiology · 2022Article
- Relationships between constituents of energy drinks and beating parameters in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-Derived cardiomyocytes.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2021Article
- Higher Lipophilic Index Indicates Higher Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women.Lipids · 2017Observational
- Theoretical Effects of Substituting Butter with Margarine on Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2017Observational
- Alcohol Consumption Levels and All-Cause Mortality Among Women Veterans and Non-Veterans Enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative.The Gerontologist · 2016Observational
- The spectrum of epidemiology underlying sudden cardiac death.Circulation research · 2015Review
- Rethinking cumulative exposure in epidemiology, again.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiologyArticle
- Sudden cardiac arrest: Limitations in risk-stratification and treatment, and the potential for digital technologies and artificial intelligence to improve prediction and outcomes.Progress in cardiovascular diseasesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlcohol and caffeine intakes may play a role in the development of sudden cardiac death (SCD) because of their effects on cholesterol, blood pressure, heart rate variability, and inflammation.
objectiveOur objective was to examine the association between long-term alcohol and caffeine intakes and risk of SCD in women.
designWe examined 93,676 postmenopausal women who participated in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Women were enrolled between 1993 and 1998 and were followed until August 2009. Women completed a food-frequency questionnaire at baseline and again at year 3. We modeled exposure to alcohol 3 ways: by using baseline intake only, a cumulative average of baseline and year 3 intake, and the most recent reported intake (a simple time-varying analysis).
resultsIntake of 5-15 g alcohol/d (about one drink) was associated with a nonsignificantly reduced risk of SCD compared with 0.1-5 g/d of baseline intake (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.40, 1.02), of cumulative average intake (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.43, 1.11), and of most recent intake (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.96), with adjustment for age, race, income, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, hormone use, and total energy. No association was found between SCD and total caffeine intake (mg/d) or cups of caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and caffeinated tea.
conclusionsOur results suggest that about one drink per day (or 5.1-15 g/d) may be associated with a reduced risk of SCD in this population; however, this association was only statistically significant for a model using the most recent alcohol intake. Total caffeine, regular coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and regular tea intake were not associated with the risk of SCD. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.