ReviewAIDS research and human retroviruses2013
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in HIV prevention; current status and future directions: a summary of the DAIDS and BMGF sponsored think tank on pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) in HIV prevention.
Review in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiretroviral therapy in the peripartum period impairs post pregnancy cardiac reverse remodeling in a rodent model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Monitoring HIV Antiretroviral Therapy via Aptamer-Based Measurements in Preclinical Animal Models, in Human Plasma.Advanced sensor research · 2025Article
- TheiScience · 2022Article
- The Pre-clinical Toolbox of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics:Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
- Importance of Drug Pharmacokinetics at the Site of Action.Clinical and translational science · 2017Review
- Predicting HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Efficacy for Women using a Preclinical Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic In Vivo Model.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Expression, regulation, and function of drug transporters in cervicovaginal tissues of a mouse model used for microbicide testing.Biochemical pharmacology · 2016Article
- A Novel Microbicide/Contraceptive Intravaginal Ring Protects Macaque Genital Mucosa against SHIV-RT Infection Ex Vivo.PloS one · 2016Article
- Drug transporters in tissues and cells relevant to sexual transmission of HIV: Implications for drug delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2015Review
- The evolution of three decades of antiretroviral therapy: challenges, triumphs and the promise of the future.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2015Review
- Role of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in current and future HIV prevention strategies.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2014Review
- Expression and localization of p-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein 4, and breast cancer resistance protein in the female lower genital tract of human and pigtailed macaque.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2014Article
- Article
- Tenofovir diphosphate concentrations and prophylactic effect in a macaque model of rectal simian HIV transmission.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2014Article
- Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of dapivirine-loaded nanoparticles after vaginal delivery in mice.Pharmaceutical research · 2014Article
- Pharmacokinetics of antiretrovirals in genital secretions and anatomic sites of HIV transmission: implications for HIV prevention.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2014Review
- Topical microbicides and HIV prevention in the female genital tract.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2014Review
- Correlation between plasma, intracellular, and cervical tissue levels of raltegravir at steady-state dosing in healthy women.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2014Article
- Sex hormones regulate tenofovir-diphosphate in female reproductive tract cells in culture.PloS one · 2014Article
- Critical need for appropriate mucosal sample collection to determine relational animal pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models in HIV prevention.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thirty years after its beginning, the HIV/AIDS epidemic is still raging around the world. According to UNAIDS, in 2011 alone 1.7M deaths were attributable to AIDS, and 2.5M people were newly infected by the virus. Despite the success in treating HIV-infected people with potent antiretroviral drugs, preventing HIV infection is the key to ending the epidemic. Recently, the efficacy of topical and systemic antiviral chemoprophylaxis (i.e., preexposure prophylaxis or "PrEP"), using the same drugs used for HIV treatment, has been demonstrated in a number of clinical trials. However, results from other trials have been inconsistent, especially those evaluating PrEP in women. These inconsistencies may result from our incomplete understanding of pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) at the mucosal sites of sexual transmission: the male and female gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts. The drug concentrations used in these trials were derived from those used for treatment; however, we still do not know the relationship between the therapeutic and the preventive dose. This article presents the first comprehensive review of the available data in the HIV pharmacology field from animal models to human studies, and outlines gaps, challenges, and future directions. Addressing these pharmacological gaps and challenges will be critical in selecting and advancing future PrEP candidates and strategies with the greatest impact on the HIV epidemic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.