ArticlePloS one2013
Estradiol reduces susceptibility of CD4+ T cells and macrophages to HIV-infection.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenotype and susceptibility to HIV infection of CD4+ Th17 cells in the human female reproductive tract.Mucosal immunology · 2014Trial
- Genital Tract and Circulating CD8+ T Cell Phenotypes Vary Across the Menstrual Cycle.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Article
- Efficacy of postmenopausal estrogen replacement in SIV-infected female macaques on antiretroviral therapy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Effect of ligands and HIV latency-reversing agents on estrogen receptor α in CD4+ T cells.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Review
- Special Issue: New Horizons in HIV and Reproductive Health Research: HIV Acquisition and Reproductive Health in Key Populations.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Mucosal Dynamics Contributing to Innate Immune Responses to HIV in the Human Female Genital Tract.Viruses · 2026Review
- CD4Nature communications · 2026Article
- Impact of menopausal hormone therapy on influenza complications in women: a systematic assessment study.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Spatial and functional diversity of innate lymphoid cells in the human female genital tract may contribute to antiviral responses to HIV.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- AP-1 activates KCNN4-mediated Ca2Cell biology and toxicology · 2024Article
- Increases in the susceptibility of human endometrial CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Female Sex Hormones Upregulate the Replication Activity of HIV-1 Sub-Subtype A6 and CRF02_AG but Not HIV-1 Subtype B.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Systematic comparison of differential expression networks in MTB mono-, HIV mono- and MTB/HIV co-infections for drug repurposing.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Aging beyond menopause selectively decreases CD8+ T cell numbers but enhances cytotoxic activity in the human endometrium.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2022Article
- Sex Differences in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Persistence and Reservoir Size During Aging.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- 17β-Oestradiol Protects from Hepatitis C Virus Infection through Induction of Type I Interferon.Viruses · 2022Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The magnitude of the HIV epidemic in women requires urgent efforts to find effective preventive methods. Even though sex hormones have been described to influence HIV infection in epidemiological studies and regulate different immune responses that may affect HIV infection, the direct role that female sex hormones play in altering the susceptibility of target cells to HIV-infection is largely unknown. Here we evaluated the direct effect of 17-β-estradiol (E2) and ethinyl estradiol (EE) in HIV-infection of CD4(+) T-cells and macrophages. Purified CD4(+) T-cells and monocyte-derived macrophages were generated in vitro from peripheral blood and infected with R5 and X4 viruses. Treatment of CD4(+) T-cells and macrophages with E2 prior to viral challenge reduced their susceptibility to HIV infection in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of E2 2 h after viral challenge however did not result in reduced infection. In contrast, EE reduced infection in macrophages to a lesser extent than E2 and had no effect on CD4(+) T-cell infection. Reduction of HIV-infection induced by E2 in CD4(+) T-cells was not due to CCR5 down-regulation, but was an entry-mediated mechanism since infection with VSV-G pseudotyped HIV was not modified by E2. In macrophages, despite the lack of an effect of E2 on CCR5 expression, E2-treatment reduced viral entry 2 h after challenge and increased MIP-1β secretion. These results demonstrate the direct effect of E2 on susceptibility of HIV-target cells to infection and indicate that inhibition of target cell infection involves cell-entry related mechanisms.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.