ArticleScientific reports2013
A major allogenic leukocyte antigen in the agnathan hagfish.
Article in Scientific reports, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Ecological Risks Due to Immunotoxicological Effects on Aquatic Organisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The immune system of jawless vertebrates: insights into the prototype of the adaptive immune system.Immunogenetics · 2021Review
- A self-marker-like protein governs hemocyte allorecognition inZoological letters · 2019Article
- Globular-shaped variable lymphocyte receptors B antibody multimerized by a hydrophobic clustering in hagfish.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2018Review
- An inhibitory receptor of VLRB in the agnathan lamprey.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- F-BAR family proteins, emerging regulators for cell membrane dynamic changes-from structure to human diseases.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2015Review
- Re-evaluation of the immunological Big Bang.Current biology : CB · 2014Review
- Article
- Crystal structure of the lamprey variable lymphocyte receptor C reveals an unusual feature in its N-terminal capping module.PloS one · 2014Article
- Definition of a third VLR gene in hagfish.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
All vertebrates, from jawless fish to mammals, possess adaptive immune systems that can detect and inactivate non-self-antigens through a vast repertoire of antigen receptors. Unlike jawed vertebrates, the hagfish utilizes variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that are unrelated to immunoglobulin molecules but are diversified by copy-choice gene conversion mechanism. Here, we report that hagfish VLRs react with allogenic leukocyte antigens but not with self-antigens. We found that a highly polymorphic membrane protein, NICIR3, is recognized by VLRs as an allogenic leukocyte antigen (ALA). In a serological cross-reactivity test, a close correlation was observed between the amino acid differences in the protein sequences and the VLR cross-reactivities. This leukocyte antigen was predominantly expressed in phagocytic leukocytes, where it was associated with phagocytosed protein antigens. These findings suggest that a polymorphic leukocyte antigen, NICIR3/ALA, plays a pivotal role in jawless vertebrate adaptive immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.