Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23609964›Full record

ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2013

An ultra pH-sensitive and aptamer-equipped nanoscale drug-delivery system for selective killing of tumor cells.

Nianxi Zhao, Jian You, Zihua Zeng, Chun Li, Youli Zu

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Aptamers in Drug Delivery Development.Materials today (Kidlington, England) · 2025
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Aptamers, the Nucleic Acid Antibodies, in Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Advances in the development of aptamer drug conjugates for targeted drug delivery.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology · 2017
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Aptamer-Mediated Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics: An Update.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Nianxi ZhaoDepartment of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital and Cancer Pathology Laboratory, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Jian You
Zihua Zeng
Chun Li
Youli Zu
Methodist Hospital · USThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center · US

Funding

Tissue ResourceP50CA126752 · NCI · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI MALCOLM K. BRENNER, HELEN E HESLOP · 2007 to 2026
$51.4M
Texas Center for Cancer NanomedicineU54CA151668 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI FERRARI, MAURO · 2010 to 2014
$12.4M
A bifunctional nanomedicine for both specific imaging and targeting therapy of anR01CA151955 · NCI · METHODIST HOSPITAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI ZU, YOULI · 2010 to 2014
$1.5M
RFA-CA -12-003 - Activatable One-Drop and One-Step Assay for Circulating Tumor CeR33CA173382 · NCI · METHODIST HOSPITAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI ZU, YOULI · 2012 to 2014
$1.1M
NCI NIH HHS 5P50CA126752NCI NIH HHS P50 CA126752NCI NIH HHS R01 CA151955NCI NIH HHS R01CA151955NCI NIH HHS R33 CA173382NCI NIH HHS R33CA173382NCI NIH HHS U54 CA151668NCI NIH HHS U54CA151668
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nanotechnology has often been applied in the development of targeted drug-delivery systems for the treatment of cancer. An ideal nanoscale system for drug delivery should be able to selectively deliver and rapidly release the carried therapeutic drug(s) in cancer cells and, more importantly, not react to off-target cells so as to eliminate unwanted toxicity on normal tissues. To reach this goal, a selective chemotherapeutic is formulated using a hollow gold nanosphere (HAuNS) equipped with a biomarker-specific aptamer (Apt), and loaded with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX). The formed Apt-HAuNS-Dox, approximately 42 nm in diameter, specifically binds to lymphoma tumor cells and does not react to control cells that do not express the biomarker. Through aptamer-mediated selective cell binding, the Apt-HAuNS-Dox is internalized exclusively into the targeted tumor cells, and then released the DOX intracellularly. Of note, although the formed Apt-HAuNS-Dox is stable under normal biological conditions (pH 7.4), it appears ultrasensitive to pH change and rapidly releases 80% of the loaded DOX within 2 h at pH 5.0, a condition seen in cell lysosomes. Functional assays using cell mixtures show that the Apt-HAuNS-Dox selectively kills lymphoma tumor cells, but has no effect on the growth of the off-target cells in the same cultures, indicating that this ultra pH-sensitive Apt-HAuNS-Dox can selectively treat cancer through specific aptamer guidance, and will have minimal side effects on normal tissue.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsAptamers, NucleotideBiomarkers, TumorCell DeathCell Line, TumorDoxorubicinGoldHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationIntracellular SpaceNanospheresNeoplasmsAptamers, NucleotideBiomarkers, TumorDoxorubicinGoldaptamersdrug deliveryhollow gold nanospherespH sensitivetargeted therapies

Identifiers

PMID23609964
PMCPMC3800505
OpenAlexW1980584941

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.