ReviewJournal of inherited metabolic disease2013
Blood-brain barrier structure and function and the challenges for CNS drug delivery.
Review in Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 422 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
422 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 877 citations in OpenAlex.
- Flavonoids in Nasal Therapeutics: Biological Activities, Delivery Challenges, and Formulation Strategies-A Systematic Review.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Pooled it
- Global research trends and hotspots of exosome-mediated drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier: a bibliometric study from 2015 to 2025.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Pre-Clinical Systems Using Artificial Microenvironments and Anti-Migratory Drugs to Control Migration of Glioblastoma Cells.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Modeling Immunity In Vitro: Slices, Chips, and Engineered Tissues.Annual review of biomedical engineering · 2021Pooled it
- Neuronavigation-guided focused ultrasound for transcranial blood-brain barrier opening and immunostimulation in brain tumors.Science advances · 2021Trial
- Cell swelling and upright mounting-based imaging for high-resolution visualization of intracellular trafficking across the BBB using conventional confocal microscopy.Drug delivery · 2026Article
- Smart Surface-Engineered Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Brain Tumor Therapy: Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier for Advanced Theranostics.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Breaking Biological Barriers: Engineering Nanocarriers for Efficient Drug and Gene Delivery through Nano-Bio Interfaces and Biophysical Design.Applied physics reviews · 2026Article
- Biomedical Materials and Fabrication Methods for Construction of In Vitro Neurovascular Unit Models.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Discovery of Anti-Neuroinflammatory Compounds in Alzheimer's Disease: Current Trends and Future Perspectives.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Discovery ofJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Diffuse Midline Glioma: Emerging Mediators of Radiation Response and Therapeutic Resistance.Cancers · 2026Review
- Induction of subtle blood-brain barrier dysfunction using preclinical diagnostic ultrasound combined with microbubbles.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Modeling Blood-Brain Barrier Efflux Transport Using a Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Overexpression Cell Line.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Modeling blood-brain barrier-glioblastoma interactions: implications for chemoresistance and therapeutic targeting.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence and multiomics integration for Parkinson's disease drug development.Molecules and cells · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence revolutionizing CNS drug discovery and development.Drug discovery today · 2026Review
- Engineering biomimetic tissue barrier models on chips: From design and fabrication to applications in disease modeling and drug screening.Biomaterials · 2026Review
- Measuring blood-brain barrier dysfunction: a critical appraisal of fluid biomarkers, in vitro models, in vivo imaging, and post-mortem approaches.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Data-Driven Feedback Identifies Focused Ultrasound Exposure Regimens for Improved Nanotheranostic Targeting of the Brain.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
362 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) require precise control of their bathing microenvironment for optimal function, and an important element in this control is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is formed by the endothelial cells lining the brain microvessels, under the inductive influence of neighbouring cell types within the 'neurovascular unit' (NVU) including astrocytes and pericytes. The endothelium forms the major interface between the blood and the CNS, and by a combination of low passive permeability and presence of specific transport systems, enzymes and receptors regulates molecular and cellular traffic across the barrier layer. A number of methods and models are available for examining BBB permeation in vivo and in vitro, and can give valuable information on the mechanisms by which therapeutic agents and constructs permeate, ways to optimize permeation, and implications for drug discovery, delivery and toxicity. For treating lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), models can be included that mimic aspects of the disease, including genetically-modified animals, and in vitro models can be used to examine the effects of cells of the NVU on the BBB under pathological conditions. For testing CNS drug delivery, several in vitro models now provide reliable prediction of penetration of drugs including large molecules and artificial constructs with promising potential in treating LSDs. For many of these diseases it is still not clear how best to deliver appropriate drugs to the CNS, and a concerted approach using a variety of models and methods can give critical insights and indicate practical solutions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.