ArticleAllergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology2013
Infant gut microbiota and the hygiene hypothesis of allergic disease: impact of household pets and siblings on microbiota composition and diversity.
Article in Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Early age of dog exposure is negatively associated with atopic dermatitis: A comprehensive analysis.Pediatric research · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal exposures and the infant gut microbiome: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Gut microbesPooled it
- Environmental exposures and child and maternal gut microbiota in rural Malawi.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2020Trial
- Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Faecal Microbiota: A Randomised Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Microbial shifts in early life: the pediatric gut microbiome and its role in health and disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Microbial transmission and ecology of human and environmental microbial communities in childcare centers.Research square · 2026Article
- Changes in bacterial and metabolic profiles in breastfed infants during dietary transition to solids.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Maternal and infant gut microbiome.iMeta · 2026Review
- Optimizing Feeding Practices Improves Outcomes During Early Childhood in Former Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Infants.Nutrients · 2026Article
- The human breast milk microbiome: a landscape review of its composition, origins, and impact on infant health.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Neonatal gut Bifidobacterium associates with indole-3-lactic acid levels in blood and risk of ADHD at age 10.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The role of dog keeping in the home microbiota and its impact on children's health.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
- Regulation of allergies across the body by microbial metabolites.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Social and biological pathways linking relationships with companion animals to human well-being.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The microbiome and non-occupational human-animal interactions: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Distinct Nasal Microbiome Profiles and Prediction Model for Allergic Rhinitis, Nonallergic Rhinitis, and Healthy Children.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2025Article
- Infant gut anellovirus composition associates with early life factors and childhood atopic disease.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Environmental and maternal imprints on infant gut metabolic development.Cell host & microbe · 2025Article
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMultiple studies have demonstrated that early-life exposure to pets or siblings affords protection against allergic disease; these associations are commonly attributed to the "hygiene hypothesis". Recently, low diversity of the infant gut microbiota has also been linked to allergic disease. In this study, we characterize the infant gut microbiota in relation to pets and siblings.
methodsThe study population comprised a small sub-sample of 24 healthy, full term infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort. Mothers reported on household pets and siblings. Fecal samples were collected at 4 months of age, and microbiota composition was characterized by high-throughput signature gene sequencing.
resultsMicrobiota richness and diversity tended to be increased in infants living with pets, whereas these measures were decreased in infants with older siblings. Infants living with pets exhibited under-representation of Bifidobacteriaceae and over-representation of Peptostreptococcaceae; infants with older siblings exhibited under-representation of Peptostreptococcaceae.
conclusionsThis study provides new evidence that exposure to pets and siblings may influence the early development of the gut microbiota, with potential implications for allergic disease. These two traditionally protective "hygiene hypothesis" factors appear to differentially impact gut microbiota composition and diversity, calling into question the clinical significance of these measures. Further research is required to confirm and expand these findings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.