ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2013
A community-based study on determinants of circulating markers of cellular immune activation and kynurenines: the Hordaland Health Study.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disrupted glutathione homeostasis in the pathogenesis of TTR-V30M amyloidosis.Biomarker research · 2026Article
- Differential alterations in peripheral tryptophan pathways in methamphetamine versus MDMA users are linked to their contrasting psychiatric symptoms.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- The mGluR2/3 agonist xanthurenic acid improves memory, attention, and synaptic deficits by modulating glutamate release in Alzheimer's disease model.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Accumulation of Quinolinic Acid Modulates the Pulmonary Immune Response During Influenza Infection.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2026Article
- Tryptophan Metabolism in Obesity: Pathways, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Current medical science · 2025Review
- Modeling how iso-caloric macronutrient substitutions are longitudinally associated with plasma kynurenines in colorectal cancer survivors up to 12 months post-treatment.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2025Article
- Longitudinal associations of dietary intake with fatigue in colorectal cancer survivors up to 1 year post-treatment, and the potential mediating role of the kynurenine pathway.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Essential amino acids and branched-chain amino acids are associated with skeletal muscle and inflammatory parameters in older age.Biogerontology · 2025Article
- Commonly prescribed multi-medication therapies exert sex-specific effects on Alzheimer's disease pathology and metabolomic profiles in AppAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Circulating tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites are associated with all-cause mortality among patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Gene expression of kynurenine pathway enzymes in depression and following electroconvulsive therapy.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2024Article
- The Complex World of Kynurenic Acid: Reflections on Biological Issues and Therapeutic Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Sex-specific associations of kynurenic acid with neopterin in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in Branched-chain Amino Acid and Tryptophan Metabolism and Pathogenesis of Youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- The Kynurenine Pathway in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Blood Concentrations of Tryptophan and Its Catabolites.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Periconceptional Non-medical Maternal Determinants Influence the Tryptophan Metabolism: The Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort (Predict Study).International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2024Article
- Baseline Inflammation but not Exercise Modality Impacts Exercise-induced Kynurenine Pathway Modulation in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Secondary Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2024Article
- Anthranilic Acid, a GPR109A Agonist, and Schizophrenia.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2024Article
- Kynurenine Pathway in Respiratory Diseases.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2024Review
- Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Circulating neopterin and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR) increase during inflammation and serve as markers of cellular immune activation, but data are sparse on other determinants of these markers and metabolites of the kynurenine pathway. We measured neopterin, tryptophan, kynurenine, anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and xanthurenic acid in plasma in two age groups, 45-46 years (n = 3723) and 70-72 years (n = 3329). Differences across categories of the potential determinants, including age, gender, renal function, body mass index (BMI), smoking and physical activity, were tested by Mann-Whitney U-test and multiple linear regression including age group, gender, renal function and lifestyle factors. In this multivariate model, neopterin, KTR and most kynurenines were 20-30% higher in the older group, whereas tryptophan was 7% lower. Men had 6-19% higher concentrations of tryptophan and most kynurenines than women of the same age. Compared to the fourth age-specific estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) quartile, the first quartile was associated with higher concentrations of neopterin (25%) and KTR (24%) and 18-36% higher concentrations of kynurenines, except 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. Additionally, KTR, tryptophan and all kynurenines, except anthranilic acid, were 2-8% higher in overweight and 3-17% higher in obese, than in normal-weight individuals. Heavy smokers had 4-14% lower levels of tryptophan and most kynurenines than non-smokers. Age and renal function were the strongest determinants of plasma neopterin, KTR and most kynurenines. These findings are relevant for the design and interpretation of studies investigating the role of plasma neopterin, KTR and kynurenines in chronic diseases.
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