ArticleNeurotoxicity research2013
Altered cytokine and BDNF levels in autism spectrum disorder.
Article in Neurotoxicity research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self-injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- In search of immune cellular sources of abnormal cytokines in the blood in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of case-control studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Association of Peripheral Blood Levels of Cytokines With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of BDNF Levels in Autism.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2017Pooled it
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Autism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2017Pooled it
- Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Cytokine aberrations in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2015Pooled it
- Mid-gestation cytokine profiles in mothers of children affected by autism spectrum disorder: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Serum and cerebrospinal fluid immune mediators in children with autistic disorder: a longitudinal study.Molecular autism · 2017Trial
- Inflammation impairs social cognitive processing: A randomized controlled trial of endotoxin.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2015Trial
- Maternal-fetal immune conflict contributes to male-specific impairments in a mouse model of neurodevelopmental disorders.Science advances · 2026Article
- Inflammatory cytokine alterations in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Review
- Salivary Oxytocin and Socio-Emotional Functioning in Children and Adolescents With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Placental dysfunction, inflammation, and impaired autophagy in preeclampsia: A pathophysiological link to autism spectrum disorder.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Investigating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) changes in three main rodent models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD): a systematic review.Neurotoxicity research · 2026Review
- Immune-related mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation in the intestinal microenvironment as a potential intervention for autism spectrum disorder patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Low-dose combination of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide and docosahexaenoic acid on neurosteroid and neuroinflammatory dysregulation in autism spectrum disorders.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation and autism: what have we learned so far?International journal of developmental disabilities · 2026Article
- Nicotine Attenuates Molecular Signalings in the BTBR TMolecular neurobiology · 2025Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The contribution of neuroimmune functioning and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to functional dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder was assessed in 29 patients under treatment in two specialized centers of Basilicata (Chiaromonte and Matera), Southern Italy, through analysis of serum levels of cytokines and BDNF. Elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, including interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-12, interleukin-23, tumor necrosis factor-α and BDNF were observed, regardless of age and gender. Comparisons were made with age- and gender-related healthy controls. The present findings reinforce current notions regarding immunoexcitotoxic mechanisms contributing to the pathophysiology of autistic disorder.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.