ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2013
High prevalence of hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the community in Portugal: evidence for the blurring of community-hospital boundaries.
Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization: a three-year prospective study in a neonatal intensive care unit in Italy.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Evaluation of multidrug-resistant bacteria and their molecular mechanisms found in small animal veterinary practices in Portugal.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- MRSA in Humans, Pets and Livestock in Portugal: Where We Came from and Where We Are Going.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- MRSA compendium of epidemiology, transmission, pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention within one health framework.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Clonal Lineages, Antimicrobial Resistance, and PVL Carriage ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Genetic Relatedness and Diversity ofMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Zoonotic and Livestock Diseases.Microbiology spectrum · 2020Review
- Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among homeless population in Lisbon, Portugal.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2019Article
- Article
- Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in the General Population in Northeast Germany: Results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND-0).Journal of clinical microbiology · 2016Article
- Molecular typing, virulence traits and antimicrobial resistance of diabetic foot staphylococci.Journal of biomedical science · 2016Article
- Livestock-Associated MRSA: The Impact on Humans.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2015Review
- Epidemiological survey of the first case of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Europe.Epidemiology and infection · 2015Article
- Prevalence, risk factors, and epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carried by adults over 60 years of age.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2015Article
- Molecular epidemiology of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Africa: a systematic review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Review
- Contribution of peptidoglycan amidation to beta-lactam and lysozyme resistance in different genetic lineages of Staphylococcus aureus.Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2014Article
- Population structure of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in Portugal over a 19-year period (1992-2011).European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2014Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of infection in the community (CA-MRSA), but in spite of its relevance, no data exist concerning its epidemiology in Portugal. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence, population structure, and origin of MRSA in the Portuguese community. A total of 527 isolates, both methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA, were collected from individuals with no healthcare-related risk factors attending 16 healthcare institutions in Portugal. Isolates were characterized for the presence of mecA, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), and by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), spa, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Susceptibility to a panel of 13 antibiotics was tested. Isolates relatedness was analyzed by goeBURST and BURP. We found a high frequency (21.6%) of MRSA in the community. However, only 11.4% of the isolates belonged to typical CA-MRSA epidemic clones (USA300, USA400, USA700, Southwest Pacific, European, and ST398). The remaining isolates, which constituted the great majority (88.6%), belonged to hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) epidemic clones, namely, to the EMRSA-15 clone (77.2%). PVL was rare and carried by 17 isolates only (five MRSA and 12 MSSA). In the whole collection, some MRSA and MSSA were highly related. The high frequency of MRSA in the community in Portugal seems to result mainly from dissemination from the hospital. They might also have emerged from an extant MSSA population, by SCCmec acquisition, or MRSA clonal introduction from abroad.
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