Trial reportPsychopharmacology2013
Automatic approach bias towards smoking cues is present in smokers but not in ex-smokers.
Trial report in Psychopharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04190810 (Mechanisms Underlying the Approach and Avoidance Task), which is not on this map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Mechanisms Underlying the Approach and Avoidance Task (AAT) in Smoking Cessation
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- Approach Bias and Tobacco Craving as Mechanisms of the Effect of Approach Bias Retraining on Smoking Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Approach bias retraining to augment smoking cessation: A pilot randomized controlled trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Trial
- A Pilot Study on Approach Bias Modification in Smoking Cessation: Activating Personalized Alternative Activities for Smoking in the Context of Increased Craving.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2022Trial
- "Push it!" or "Hold it!"? A comparison of nicotine-avoidance training and nicotine-inhibition training in smokers motivated to quit.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- A dismantling study on imaginal retraining in overweight or obese women.Translational psychiatry · 2021Trial
- A dismantling study on imaginal retraining in smokers.Translational psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Cognitive bias modification for energy drink cues.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Approach bias modification for cannabis use disorder: A proof-of-principle study.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2018Trial
- Impulsivity and approach tendencies towards cigarette stimuli: Implications for cigarette smoking and cessation behaviors among youth.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Re-training automatic action tendencies to approach cigarettes among adolescent smokers: a pilot study.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2015Trial
- Standardized Manual-Based Smoking Cessation Treatment in Patients With Comorbid Mental Disorders: Qualitative Interview Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Smartphone-Based Approach-Avoidance Bias Modification for Alcohol Stimuli: Proof-of-Concept Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Approach-avoidance tendencies in problematic usage of the internet: Evidence from a multisite study.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2026Article
- Can implicit associations and approach-avoidance tendencies be observed in both problematic social network use and tobacco use disorder? Evidence from a laboratory study.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Appetitive responses toward smoking-related stimuli in abstinence-motivated, non-deprived individuals with chronic tobacco dependence: A multi-methodological investigation.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Theory-based strategies to enhance interventions for smoking: Relevance to a digital intervention.Behaviour research and therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- Approach-Bias Retraining and Other Training Interventions as Add-On in the Treatment of AUD Patients.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Nicotine-related interpretation biases in cigarette smoking individuals.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Feeling good, approaching the positive.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleDrug-addicted individuals show automatic approach tendencies towards drug-related cues, i.e., an approach bias (ApB). Nevertheless, little is known about ApB in tobacco smokers and about the presence of ApB after smoking abstinence.
objectivesWe investigated ApB to smoking cues in heavy tobacco smokers versus never-smokers and studied its relation to smoking characteristics and craving. Second, we compared ApBs of heavy smokers with biases of abstinent heavy smokers.
methodA group of current heavy smokers (n = 24), ex-smokers who were abstinent for at least 5 years (n = 20), and never-smokers (n = 20) took part in the experiment. An indirect smoking approach avoidance task was performed, in which participants were required to respond to pictures of smoking and neutral cues by pulling (approach) or pushing (avoid) on a joystick, according to the content-irrelevant format of the picture (landscape or portrait). Craving scores were examined using the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges.
resultsHeavy smokers showed an ApB for smoking cues compared to ex-smokers and never-smokers, which correlated positively to craving scores. There were no group differences in ApB scores for ex-smokers and never-smokers.
conclusionThese results suggest that ApBs for smoking cues are present in heavy smokers and decrease after long-term successful smoking cessation.
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Registered trials
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