ArticleToxins2013
Phylogenetic study of polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthetases involved in the biosynthesis of mycotoxins.
Article in Toxins, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unravelling the Role of Non-Clustered Polyketide Synthases and Key Metabolites in Ochratoxin a Accumulation byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Diversity and Distribution of Non-Reducing Polyketide Synthases (NR-PKSs) in Ascomycota (Fungi).Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Phylogeny ofMycology · 2025Article
- Transcriptome analysis of Ochratoxin a (OTA) producingMycology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Insights into Ochratoxin A: Occurrence, Analysis, and Control Strategies.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Linking Lichen Metabolites to Genes: Emerging Concepts and Lessons from Molecular Biology and Metagenomics.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Diversity and Biosynthetic Potential of Fungi Isolated from St. John's Island, Singapore.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Genomic Analysis of theMycobiology · 2023Article
- Putative CToxins · 2022Article
- Production and Functionalities of Specialized Metabolites from Different Organic Sources.Metabolites · 2022Review
- High Diversity of Type I Polyketide Genes inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Infection Process and Genome Assembly Provide Insights into the Pathogenic Mechanism of Destructive MycoparasiteJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Genomic Analysis of the MycoparasitePolish journal of microbiology · 2021Article
- Ancient Antibiotics, Ancient Resistance.EcoSal Plus · 2021Review
- Fungal Toxins and Host Immune Responses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Review
- Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene amongJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Genome-Wide Analysis of Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Reveals Correlated Gene Loss with Absence of Usnic Acid in Lichen-Forming Fungi.Genome biology and evolution · 2020Article
- Molecular Characterization of a Fungal Ketide Synthase Gene Among Swainsonine-Producing Alternaria Species in the USA.Current microbiology · 2020Article
- De novo Transcriptome of the Non-saxitoxin ProducingMarine drugs · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polyketide synthase (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPSs) are large multimodular enzymes involved in biosynthesis of polyketide and peptide toxins produced by fungi. Furthermore, hybrid enzymes, in which a reducing PKS region is fused to a single NRPS module, are also responsible of the synthesis of peptide-polyketide metabolites in fungi. The genes encoding for PKSs and NRPSs have been exposed to complex evolutionary mechanisms, which have determined the great number and diversity of metabolites. In this study, we considered the most important polyketide and peptide mycotoxins and, for the first time, a phylogenetic analysis of both PKSs and NRPSs involved in their biosynthesis was assessed using two domains for each enzyme: β-ketosynthase (KS) and acyl-transferase (AT) for PKSs; adenylation (A) and condensation (C) for NRPSs. The analysis of both KS and AT domains confirmed the differentiation of the three classes of highly, partially and non-reducing PKSs. Hybrid PKS-NRPSs involved in mycotoxins biosynthesis grouped together in the phylogenetic trees of all the domains analyzed. For most mycotoxins, the corresponding biosynthetic enzymes from distinct fungal species grouped together, except for PKS and NRPS involved in ochratoxin A biosynthesis, for which an unlike process of evolution could be hypothesized in different species.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.