ReviewEnvironmental health perspectives2013
Improving the human hazard characterization of chemicals: a Tox21 update.
Review in Environmental health perspectives, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 290 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
290 citing papers in PubMed.
- Artificial intelligence in toxicology: current advances, challenges and future directions.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Heavy Metal Chelation and Bioprotective Activity of Dextran-DOTA Macromolecular Conjugate.Biomacromolecules · 2026Article
- Semantic knowledge improves molecular machine learning for chemical toxicity prediction.iScience · 2026Article
- AI-Enabled Mapping of Structure-Hazard Relationships for Emerging Contaminants.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Tox21mer, A transformer foundation model for Tox21 high-throughput concentration-response curves data.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Analysis of in vitro profiling data of cosmetic ingredients within the Tox21 10K compound library for bioactivity and potential toxicity.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Functional Genomics Screening inEnvironmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Amphibian-derived peptides as novel therapeutics for skin wound healing: Mechanisms, applications, and challenges.Zoological research · 2026Review
- Persistence Assessment of Chemicals: Trajectories toward New Approach Methodologies (P-NAMs).Environmental science & technology · 2026Review
- vToxiNet: a biologically constrained deep learning framework for interpretable prediction of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Challenging Additivity: Comparing Predicted and Observed AhR Activity of Polycyclic Aromatic Compound (PAC) Mixtures Containing Active and Inactive Constituents.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive profiling of metal compound toxicity: potential novel targets and mechanistic insights using Tox21 screening.Journal of hazardous materials advances · 2026Article
- On the Utilization and Characterization of External Biotransformation Systems inACS environmental Au · 2026Review
- Cross-sectoral and cross-agency team science: successful strategies from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) in Genotoxicology: From the Basics to Modern Approaches.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Combined decoction selectively modifies chemical composition of traditional Asian medicine: a systematic analysis on Palmijihwang-tang using theoretical additive model.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Emerging advances in intestinal models for in vitro preclinical research.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2025Review
- Mathematical models for predicting the toxicity of micropollutant mixtures in water.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2025Review
- Integrating network analysis and machine learning to elucidate chemical-induced pancreatic toxicity in zebrafish embryos.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Application of cytochrome P450 enzyme assays to predict p53 inducers and AChE inhibitors that require metabolic activation.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2025Article
230 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn 2008, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Toxicology Program, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Center for Computational Toxicology, and the National Human Genome Research Institute/National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center entered into an agreement on "high throughput screening, toxicity pathway profiling, and biological interpretation of findings." In 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) joined the collaboration, known informally as Tox21.
objectivesThe Tox21 partners agreed to develop a vision and devise an implementation strategy to shift the assessment of chemical hazards away from traditional experimental animal toxicology studies to one based on target-specific, mechanism-based, biological observations largely obtained using in vitro assays. DISCUSSION: Here we outline the efforts of the Tox21 partners up to the time the FDA joined the collaboration, describe the approaches taken to develop the science and technologies that are currently being used, assess the current status, and identify problems that could impede further progress as well as suggest approaches to address those problems.
conclusionTox21 faces some very difficult issues. However, we are making progress in integrating data from diverse technologies and end points into what is effectively a systems-biology approach to toxicology. This can be accomplished only when comprehensive knowledge is obtained with broad coverage of chemical and biological/toxicological space. The efforts thus far reflect the initial stage of an exceedingly complicated program, one that will likely take decades to fully achieve its goals. However, even at this stage, the information obtained has attracted the attention of the international scientific community, and we believe these efforts foretell the future of toxicology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.