ArticleJournal of carcinogenesis2013
Human endogenous retroviral K element encodes fusogenic activity in melanoma cells.
Article in Journal of carcinogenesis, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Expression and Immunogenicity of Human Endogenous Retroviral Proteins in Cancer and Discussion of Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Close to the Bedside: A Systematic Review of Endogenous Retroviruses and Their Impact in Oncology.The Journal of surgical research · 2019Pooled it
- Oncogenic role of ERV with therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Characterization of HERV-K (HML-2) Rec proteins encoded in the human genome and their post-transcriptional function.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The expression, regulation, and function of human endogenous retroviruses in genitourinary cancers.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) envelope structures in pre- and postfusion by cryo-EM.Science advances · 2025Article
- The Role of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in the Initiation and Progression of Melanoma.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Article
- Epigenetic regulation of HERVs: Implications for cancer immunotherapy.Genes & genomics · 2024Review
- Review
- Lamivudine, Doravirine, and Cabotegravir Downregulate the Expression of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs), Inhibit Cell Growth, and Reduce Invasive Capability in Melanoma Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of Cell Fusion in Cancer.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K (HML-2)-Related Genetic Variation: Human Genome Diversity and Disease.Genes · 2023Review
- Extracellular Events Involved in Cancer Cell-Cell Fusion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Widespread expression of the ancient HERV-K (HML-2) provirus group in normal human tissues.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- Transcriptional Regulation of Endogenous Retroviruses and Their Misregulation in Human Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Transposable element regulation and expression in cancer.The FEBS journal · 2022Review
- Human endogenous retroviruses and the inflammatory response: A vicious circle associated with health and illness.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Alternative and aberrant splicing of human endogenous retroviruses in cancer. What about head and neck? -A mini review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- SMARCB1 deletion in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors results in human endogenous retrovirus K (HML-2) expression.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisNuclear atypia with features of multi nuclei have been detected in human melanoma specimens. We found that the K type human endogenous retroviral element (HERV K) is expressed in such cells. Since cellular syncytia can form when cells are infected with retroviruses, we hypothesized that HERV K expressed in melanoma cells may contribute to the formation of multinuclear atypia cells in melanoma. EXPERIMENTS AND
resultsWe specifically inhibited HERV K expression using RNA interference (RNAi) and monoclonal antibodies and observed dramatic reduction of intercellular fusion of cultured melanoma cells. Importantly, we identified loss of heterozygosity (LOH)of D19S433 in a cell clone that survived and proliferated after cell fusion.
conclusionOur results support the notion that proteins encoded by HERV K can mediate intercellular fusion of melanoma cells, which may generate multinuclear cells and drive the evolution of genetic changes that provide growth and survival advantages.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.